#
TCLSH = @TCLSH@

CFLAGS = @CFLAGS@
CFLAGS_INCLUDE = @CFLAGS_INCLUDE@
LIB =	@LDFLAGS@ @EXTRA_LDFLAGS@ @LIBS@
BCCFLAGS =	@CPPFLAGS@ $(CFLAGS)
TCCFLAGS =	@EXTRA_CFLAGS@ @CPPFLAGS@ $(CFLAGS) -DHAVE_AUTOCONFIG_H
#
# Fuzzing may be enable by appending -fsanitize=fuzzer -DFOSSIL_FUZZ
# to the TCCFLAGS variable.
# For more thorouth (but also slower) investigation
#      -fsanitize=fuzzer,undefined,address
# might be more useful.

#ifndef SQLITE_DISABLE_LFS
# define _LARGE_FILE       1
# ifndef _FILE_OFFSET_BITS
#   define _FILE_OFFSET_BITS 64
# endif
# define _LARGEFILE_SOURCE 1
#endif

#if defined(SQLITE_SHELL_FIDDLE) && !defined(_POSIX_SOURCE)
/*
** emcc requires _POSIX_SOURCE (or one of several similar defines)
** to expose strdup().
*/
# define _POSIX_SOURCE
#endif

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include "sqlite3.h"
typedef sqlite3_int64 i64;

#else
# define setBinaryMode(X,Y)
# define setTextMode(X,Y)
#endif

/* True if the timer is enabled */
static int enableTimer = 0;

/* A version of strcmp() that works with NULL values */
static int cli_strcmp(const char *a, const char *b){
  if( a==0 ) a = "";
  if( b==0 ) b = "";
  return strcmp(a,b);
}
static int cli_strncmp(const char *a, const char *b, size_t n){
  if( a==0 ) a = "";
  if( b==0 ) b = "";
  return strncmp(a,b,n);
}

/* Return the current wall-clock time */
static sqlite3_int64 timeOfDay(void){
  static sqlite3_vfs *clockVfs = 0;
  sqlite3_int64 t;
  if( clockVfs==0 ) clockVfs = sqlite3_vfs_find(0);
  if( clockVfs==0 ) return 0;  /* Never actually happens */

  }
#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(WIN32)
  /* For interactive input on Windows systems, translate the
  ** multi-byte characterset characters into UTF-8. */
  if( stdin_is_interactive && in==stdin ){
    char *zTrans = sqlite3_win32_mbcs_to_utf8_v2(zLine, 0);
    if( zTrans ){
      i64 nTrans = strlen(zTrans)+1;
      if( nTrans>nLine ){
        zLine = realloc(zLine, nTrans);
        shell_check_oom(zLine);
      }
      memcpy(zLine, zTrans, nTrans);
      sqlite3_free(zTrans);
    }

** added to zIn, and the result returned in memory obtained from malloc().
** zIn, if it was not NULL, is freed.
**
** If the third argument, quote, is not '\0', then it is used as a
** quote character for zAppend.
*/
static void appendText(ShellText *p, const char *zAppend, char quote){
  i64 len;
  i64 i;
  i64 nAppend = strlen30(zAppend);

  len = nAppend+p->n+1;
  if( quote ){
    len += 2;
    for(i=0; i<nAppend; i++){
      if( zAppend[i]==quote ) len++;
    }

  };
  int i = 0;
  const char *zIn = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(apVal[0]);
  const char *zSchema = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(apVal[1]);
  const char *zName = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(apVal[2]);
  sqlite3 *db = sqlite3_context_db_handle(pCtx);
  UNUSED_PARAMETER(nVal);
  if( zIn!=0 && cli_strncmp(zIn, "CREATE ", 7)==0 ){
    for(i=0; i<ArraySize(aPrefix); i++){
      int n = strlen30(aPrefix[i]);
      if( cli_strncmp(zIn+7, aPrefix[i], n)==0 && zIn[n+7]==' ' ){
        char *z = 0;
        char *zFake = 0;
        if( zSchema ){
          char cQuote = quoteChar(zSchema);
          if( cQuote && sqlite3_stricmp(zSchema,"temp")!=0 ){
            z = sqlite3_mprintf("%.*s \"%w\".%s", n+7, zIn, zSchema, zIn+n+8);
          }else{

  char *zNonce;          /* Nonce for temporary safe-mode excapes */
  EQPGraph sGraph;       /* Information for the graphical EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN */
  ExpertInfo expert;     /* Valid if previous command was ".expert OPT..." */
#ifdef SQLITE_SHELL_FIDDLE
  struct {
    const char * zInput; /* Input string from wasm/JS proxy */
    const char * zPos;   /* Cursor pos into zInput */
    const char * zDefaultDbName; /* Default name for db file */
  } wasm;
#endif
};

#ifdef SQLITE_SHELL_FIDDLE
static ShellState shellState;
#endif

  }
  fputc('"', out);
}

/*
** Output the given string as a quoted according to JSON quoting rules.
*/
static void output_json_string(FILE *out, const char *z, i64 n){
  unsigned int c;
  if( n<0 ) n = strlen(z);
  fputc('"', out);
  while( n-- ){
    c = *(z++);
    if( c=='\\' || c=='"' ){
      fputc('\\', out);
      fputc(c, out);
    }else if( c<=0x1f ){

}

/*
** Add a new entry to the EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN data
*/
static void eqp_append(ShellState *p, int iEqpId, int p2, const char *zText){
  EQPGraphRow *pNew;
  i64 nText;
  if( zText==0 ) return;
  nText = strlen(zText);
  if( p->autoEQPtest ){
    utf8_printf(p->out, "%d,%d,%s\n", iEqpId, p2, zText);
  }
  pNew = sqlite3_malloc64( sizeof(*pNew) + nText );
  shell_check_oom(pNew);
  pNew->iEqpId = iEqpId;
  pNew->iParentId = p2;

}

/* Render a single level of the graph that has iEqpId as its parent.  Called
** recursively to render sublevels.
*/
static void eqp_render_level(ShellState *p, int iEqpId){
  EQPGraphRow *pRow, *pNext;
  i64 n = strlen(p->sGraph.zPrefix);
  char *z;
  for(pRow = eqp_next_row(p, iEqpId, 0); pRow; pRow = pNext){
    pNext = eqp_next_row(p, iEqpId, pRow);
    z = pRow->zText;
    utf8_printf(p->out, "%s%s%s\n", p->sGraph.zPrefix,
                pNext ? "|--" : "`--", z);
    if( n<(i64)sizeof(p->sGraph.zPrefix)-7 ){
      memcpy(&p->sGraph.zPrefix[n], pNext ? "|  " : "   ", 4);
      eqp_render_level(p, pRow->iEqpId);
      p->sGraph.zPrefix[n] = 0;
    }
  }
}

      { "read_bytes: ",             "Bytes read from storage:"  },
      { "write_bytes: ",            "Bytes written to storage:" },
      { "cancelled_write_bytes: ",  "Cancelled write bytes:"    },
    };
    int i;
    for(i=0; i<ArraySize(aTrans); i++){
      int n = strlen30(aTrans[i].zPattern);
      if( cli_strncmp(aTrans[i].zPattern, z, n)==0 ){
        utf8_printf(out, "%-36s %s", aTrans[i].zDesc, &z[n]);
        break;
      }
    }
  }
  fclose(in);
}

** points to a single nul-terminated string. Return non-zero if zStr
** is equal, according to strcmp(), to any of the strings in the array.
** Otherwise, return zero.
*/
static int str_in_array(const char *zStr, const char **azArray){
  int i;
  for(i=0; azArray[i]; i++){
    if( 0==cli_strcmp(zStr, azArray[i]) ) return 1;
  }
  return 0;
}

/*
** If compiled statement pSql appears to be an EXPLAIN statement, allocate
** and populate the ShellState.aiIndent[] array with the number of

      if( iOp==0 ){
        /* Do further verfication that this is explain output.  Abort if
        ** it is not */
        static const char *explainCols[] = {
           "addr", "opcode", "p1", "p2", "p3", "p4", "p5", "comment" };
        int jj;
        for(jj=0; jj<ArraySize(explainCols); jj++){
          if( cli_strcmp(sqlite3_column_name(pSql,jj),explainCols[jj])!=0 ){
            p->cMode = p->mode;
            sqlite3_reset(pSql);
            return;
          }
        }
      }
      nAlloc += 100;

  memset(&pState->expert, 0, sizeof(ExpertInfo));

  for(i=1; rc==SQLITE_OK && i<nArg; i++){
    char *z = azArg[i];
    int n;
    if( z[0]=='-' && z[1]=='-' ) z++;
    n = strlen30(z);
    if( n>=2 && 0==cli_strncmp(z, "-verbose", n) ){
      pState->expert.bVerbose = 1;
    }
    else if( n>=2 && 0==cli_strncmp(z, "-sample", n) ){
      if( i==(nArg-1) ){
        raw_printf(stderr, "option requires an argument: %s\n", z);
        rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
      }else{
        iSample = (int)integerValue(azArg[++i]);
        if( iSample<0 || iSample>100 ){
          raw_printf(stderr, "value out of range: %s\n", azArg[i]);

  int noSys;

  UNUSED_PARAMETER(azNotUsed);
  if( nArg!=3 || azArg==0 ) return 0;
  zTable = azArg[0];
  zType = azArg[1];
  zSql = azArg[2];
  if( zTable==0 ) return 0;
  if( zType==0 ) return 0;
  dataOnly = (p->shellFlgs & SHFLG_DumpDataOnly)!=0;
  noSys    = (p->shellFlgs & SHFLG_DumpNoSys)!=0;

  if( cli_strcmp(zTable, "sqlite_sequence")==0 && !noSys ){
    if( !dataOnly ) raw_printf(p->out, "DELETE FROM sqlite_sequence;\n");
  }else if( sqlite3_strglob("sqlite_stat?", zTable)==0 && !noSys ){
    if( !dataOnly ) raw_printf(p->out, "ANALYZE sqlite_schema;\n");
  }else if( cli_strncmp(zTable, "sqlite_", 7)==0 ){
    return 0;
  }else if( dataOnly ){
    /* no-op */
  }else if( cli_strncmp(zSql, "CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE", 20)==0 ){
    char *zIns;
    if( !p->writableSchema ){
      raw_printf(p->out, "PRAGMA writable_schema=ON;\n");
      p->writableSchema = 1;
    }
    zIns = sqlite3_mprintf(
       "INSERT INTO sqlite_schema(type,name,tbl_name,rootpage,sql)"
       "VALUES('table','%q','%q',0,'%q');",
       zTable, zTable, zSql);
    shell_check_oom(zIns);
    utf8_printf(p->out, "%s\n", zIns);
    sqlite3_free(zIns);
    return 0;
  }else{
    printSchemaLine(p->out, zSql, ";\n");
  }

  if( cli_strcmp(zType, "table")==0 ){
    ShellText sSelect;
    ShellText sTable;
    char **azCol;
    int i;
    char *savedDestTable;
    int savedMode;

  "     column      Output in columns.  (See .width)",
  "     html        HTML <table> code",
  "     insert      SQL insert statements for TABLE",
  "     json        Results in a JSON array",
  "     line        One value per line",
  "     list        Values delimited by \"|\"",
  "     markdown    Markdown table format",
  "     qbox        Shorthand for \"box --wrap 60 --quote\"",
  "     quote       Escape answers as for SQL",
  "     table       ASCII-art table",
  "     tabs        Tab-separated values",
  "     tcl         TCL list elements",
  "   OPTIONS: (for columnar modes or insert mode):",
  "     --wrap N       Wrap output lines to no longer than N characters",
  "     --wordwrap B   Wrap or not at word boundaries per B (on/off)",

static int showHelp(FILE *out, const char *zPattern){
  int i = 0;
  int j = 0;
  int n = 0;
  char *zPat;
  if( zPattern==0
   || zPattern[0]=='0'
   || cli_strcmp(zPattern,"-a")==0
   || cli_strcmp(zPattern,"-all")==0
   || cli_strcmp(zPattern,"--all")==0
  ){
    /* Show all commands, but only one line per command */
    if( zPattern==0 ) zPattern = "";
    for(i=0; i<ArraySize(azHelp); i++){
      if( azHelp[i][0]=='.' || zPattern[0] ){
        utf8_printf(out, "%s\n", azHelp[i]);
        n++;

  }
  for(nLine++; fgets(zLine, sizeof(zLine), in)!=0; nLine++){
    rc = sscanf(zLine, "| page %d offset %d", &j, &k);
    if( rc==2 ){
      iOffset = k;
      continue;
    }
    if( cli_strncmp(zLine, "| end ", 6)==0 ){
      break;
    }
    rc = sscanf(zLine,"| %d: %x %x %x %x %x %x %x %x %x %x %x %x %x %x %x %x",
                &j, &x[0], &x[1], &x[2], &x[3], &x[4], &x[5], &x[6], &x[7],
                &x[8], &x[9], &x[10], &x[11], &x[12], &x[13], &x[14], &x[15]);
    if( rc==17 ){
      k = iOffset+j;

readHexDb_error:
  if( in!=p->in ){
    fclose(in);
  }else{
    while( fgets(zLine, sizeof(zLine), p->in)!=0 ){
      nLine++;
      if(cli_strncmp(zLine, "| end ", 6)==0 ) break;
    }
    p->lineno = nLine;
  }
  sqlite3_free(a);
  utf8_printf(stderr,"Error on line %d of --hexdb input\n", nLine);
  return 0;
}

  sqlite3_context *context, 
  int argc, 
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  const char *zText = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
  UNUSED_PARAMETER(argc);
  if( zText && zText[0]=='\'' ){
    i64 nText = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[0]);
    i64 i;
    char zBuf1[20];
    char zBuf2[20];
    const char *zNL = 0;
    const char *zCR = 0;
    i64 nCR = 0;
    i64 nNL = 0;

    for(i=0; zText[i]; i++){
      if( zNL==0 && zText[i]=='\n' ){
        zNL = unused_string(zText, "\\n", "\\012", zBuf1);
        nNL = strlen(zNL);
      }
      if( zCR==0 && zText[i]=='\r' ){
        zCR = unused_string(zText, "\\r", "\\015", zBuf2);
        nCR = strlen(zCR);
      }
    }

    if( zNL || zCR ){
      i64 iOut = 0;
      i64 nMax = (nNL > nCR) ? nNL : nCR;
      i64 nAlloc = nMax * nText + (nMax+64)*2;
      char *zOut = (char*)sqlite3_malloc64(nAlloc);
      if( zOut==0 ){
        sqlite3_result_error_nomem(context);
        return;
      }

}

#elif HAVE_LINENOISE
/*
** Linenoise completion callback
*/
static void linenoise_completion(const char *zLine, linenoiseCompletions *lc){
  i64 nLine = strlen(zLine);
  i64 i, iStart;
  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt = 0;
  char *zSql;
  char zBuf[1000];

  if( nLine>sizeof(zBuf)-30 ) return;
  if( zLine[0]=='.' || zLine[0]=='#') return;
  for(i=nLine-1; i>=0 && (isalnum(zLine[i]) || zLine[i]=='_'); i--){}

/*
** Try to open an output file.   The names "stdout" and "stderr" are
** recognized and do the right thing.  NULL is returned if the output
** filename is "off".
*/
static FILE *output_file_open(const char *zFile, int bTextMode){
  FILE *f;
  if( cli_strcmp(zFile,"stdout")==0 ){
    f = stdout;
  }else if( cli_strcmp(zFile, "stderr")==0 ){
    f = stderr;
  }else if( cli_strcmp(zFile, "off")==0 ){
    f = 0;
  }else{
    f = fopen(zFile, bTextMode ? "w" : "wb");
    if( f==0 ){
      utf8_printf(stderr, "Error: cannot open \"%s\"\n", zFile);
    }
  }

  void *pArg,             /* The ShellState pointer */
  void *pP,               /* Usually a pointer to sqlite_stmt */
  void *pX                /* Auxiliary output */
){
  ShellState *p = (ShellState*)pArg;
  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;
  const char *zSql;
  i64 nSql;
  if( p->traceOut==0 ) return 0;
  if( mType==SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE ){
    utf8_printf(p->traceOut, "-- closing database connection\n");
    return 0;
  }
  if( mType!=SQLITE_TRACE_ROW && ((const char*)pX)[0]=='-' ){
    zSql = (const char*)pX;

      default: {
        zSql = sqlite3_sql(pStmt);
        break;
      }
    }
  }
  if( zSql==0 ) return 0;
  nSql = strlen(zSql);
  if( nSql>1000000000 ) nSql = 1000000000;
  while( nSql>0 && zSql[nSql-1]==';' ){ nSql--; }
  switch( mType ){
    case SQLITE_TRACE_ROW:
    case SQLITE_TRACE_STMT: {
      utf8_printf(p->traceOut, "%.*s;\n", (int)nSql, zSql);
      break;
    }
    case SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE: {
      sqlite3_int64 nNanosec = *(sqlite3_int64*)pX;
      utf8_printf(p->traceOut, "%.*s; -- %lld ns\n", (int)nSql, zSql, nNanosec);
      break;
    }
  }
  return 0;
}
#endif

        if( val==3 ) raw_printf(p->out, " (utf16be)");
      }
    }
    raw_printf(p->out, "\n");
  }
  if( zDb==0 ){
    zSchemaTab = sqlite3_mprintf("main.sqlite_schema");
  }else if( cli_strcmp(zDb,"temp")==0 ){
    zSchemaTab = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", "sqlite_temp_schema");
  }else{
    zSchemaTab = sqlite3_mprintf("\"%w\".sqlite_schema", zDb);
  }
  for(i=0; i<ArraySize(aQuery); i++){
    char *zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(aQuery[i].zSql, zSchemaTab);
    int val = db_int(p->db, zSql);

** Compare the string as a command-line option with either one or two
** initial "-" characters.
*/
static int optionMatch(const char *zStr, const char *zOpt){
  if( zStr[0]!='-' ) return 0;
  zStr++;
  if( zStr[0]=='-' ) zStr++;
  return cli_strcmp(zStr, zOpt)==0;
}

/*
** Delete a file.
*/
int shellDeleteFile(const char *zFilename){
  int rc;

  */
  if( nArg==0 ) return 0; /* no tokens, no error */
  n = strlen30(azArg[0]);
  c = azArg[0][0];
  clearTempFile(p);

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
  if( c=='a' && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "auth", n)==0 ){
    if( nArg!=2 ){
      raw_printf(stderr, "Usage: .auth ON|OFF\n");
      rc = 1;
      goto meta_command_exit;
    }
    open_db(p, 0);
    if( booleanValue(azArg[1]) ){
      sqlite3_set_authorizer(p->db, shellAuth, p);
    }else if( p->bSafeModePersist ){
      sqlite3_set_authorizer(p->db, safeModeAuth, p);
    }else{
      sqlite3_set_authorizer(p->db, 0, 0);
    }
  }else
#endif

#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE) && defined(SQLITE_HAVE_ZLIB) \
  && !defined(SQLITE_SHELL_FIDDLE)
  if( c=='a' && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "archive", n)==0 ){
    open_db(p, 0);
    failIfSafeMode(p, "cannot run .archive in safe mode");
    rc = arDotCommand(p, 0, azArg, nArg);
  }else
#endif

#ifndef SQLITE_SHELL_FIDDLE
  if( (c=='b' && n>=3 && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "backup", n)==0)
   || (c=='s' && n>=3 && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "save", n)==0)
  ){
    const char *zDestFile = 0;
    const char *zDb = 0;
    sqlite3 *pDest;
    sqlite3_backup *pBackup;
    int j;
    int bAsync = 0;
    const char *zVfs = 0;
    failIfSafeMode(p, "cannot run .%s in safe mode", azArg[0]);
    for(j=1; j<nArg; j++){
      const char *z = azArg[j];
      if( z[0]=='-' ){
        if( z[1]=='-' ) z++;
        if( cli_strcmp(z, "-append")==0 ){
          zVfs = "apndvfs";
        }else
        if( cli_strcmp(z, "-async")==0 ){
          bAsync = 1;
        }else
        {
          utf8_printf(stderr, "unknown option: %s\n", azArg[j]);
          return 1;
        }
      }else if( zDestFile==0 ){

      utf8_printf(stderr, "Error: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(pDest));
      rc = 1;
    }
    close_db(pDest);
  }else
#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_SHELL_FIDDLE) */

  if( c=='b' && n>=3 && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "bail", n)==0 ){
    if( nArg==2 ){
      bail_on_error = booleanValue(azArg[1]);
    }else{
      raw_printf(stderr, "Usage: .bail on|off\n");
      rc = 1;
    }
  }else

  if( c=='b' && n>=3 && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "binary", n)==0 ){
    if( nArg==2 ){
      if( booleanValue(azArg[1]) ){
        setBinaryMode(p->out, 1);
      }else{
        setTextMode(p->out, 1);
      }
    }else{
      raw_printf(stderr, "Usage: .binary on|off\n");
      rc = 1;
    }
  }else

  /* The undocumented ".breakpoint" command causes a call to the no-op
  ** routine named test_breakpoint().
  */
  if( c=='b' && n>=3 && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "breakpoint", n)==0 ){
    test_breakpoint();
  }else

#ifndef SQLITE_SHELL_FIDDLE
  if( c=='c' && cli_strcmp(azArg[0],"cd")==0 ){
    failIfSafeMode(p, "cannot run .cd in safe mode");
    if( nArg==2 ){
#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(WIN32)
      wchar_t *z = sqlite3_win32_utf8_to_unicode(azArg[1]);
      rc = !SetCurrentDirectoryW(z);
      sqlite3_free(z);
#else
      rc = chdir(azArg[1]);
#endif
      if( rc ){
        utf8_printf(stderr, "Cannot change to directory \"%s\"\n", azArg[1]);
        rc = 1;
      }
    }else{
      raw_printf(stderr, "Usage: .cd DIRECTORY\n");
      rc = 1;
    }
  }else
#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_SHELL_FIDDLE) */

  if( c=='c' && n>=3 && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "changes", n)==0 ){
    if( nArg==2 ){
      setOrClearFlag(p, SHFLG_CountChanges, azArg[1]);
    }else{
      raw_printf(stderr, "Usage: .changes on|off\n");
      rc = 1;
    }
  }else

#ifndef SQLITE_SHELL_FIDDLE
  /* Cancel output redirection, if it is currently set (by .testcase)
  ** Then read the content of the testcase-out.txt file and compare against
  ** azArg[1].  If there are differences, report an error and exit.
  */
  if( c=='c' && n>=3 && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "check", n)==0 ){
    char *zRes = 0;
    output_reset(p);
    if( nArg!=2 ){
      raw_printf(stderr, "Usage: .check GLOB-PATTERN\n");
      rc = 2;
    }else if( (zRes = readFile("testcase-out.txt", 0))==0 ){
      raw_printf(stderr, "Error: cannot read 'testcase-out.txt'\n");

      p->nCheck++;
    }
    sqlite3_free(zRes);
  }else
#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_SHELL_FIDDLE) */

#ifndef SQLITE_SHELL_FIDDLE
  if( c=='c' && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "clone", n)==0 ){
    failIfSafeMode(p, "cannot run .clone in safe mode");
    if( nArg==2 ){
      tryToClone(p, azArg[1]);
    }else{
      raw_printf(stderr, "Usage: .clone FILENAME\n");
      rc = 1;
    }
  }else
#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_SHELL_FIDDLE) */

  if( c=='c' && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "connection", n)==0 ){
    if( nArg==1 ){
      /* List available connections */
      int i;
      for(i=0; i<ArraySize(p->aAuxDb); i++){
        const char *zFile = p->aAuxDb[i].zDbFilename;
        if( p->aAuxDb[i].db==0 && p->pAuxDb!=&p->aAuxDb[i] ){
          zFile = "(not open)";

      int i = azArg[1][0] - '0';
      if( p->pAuxDb != &p->aAuxDb[i] && i>=0 && i<ArraySize(p->aAuxDb) ){
        p->pAuxDb->db = p->db;
        p->pAuxDb = &p->aAuxDb[i];
        globalDb = p->db = p->pAuxDb->db;
        p->pAuxDb->db = 0;
      }
    }else if( nArg==3 && cli_strcmp(azArg[1], "close")==0
           && IsDigit(azArg[2][0]) && azArg[2][1]==0 ){
      int i = azArg[2][0] - '0';
      if( i<0 || i>=ArraySize(p->aAuxDb) ){
        /* No-op */
      }else if( p->pAuxDb == &p->aAuxDb[i] ){
        raw_printf(stderr, "cannot close the active database connection\n");
        rc = 1;
      }else if( p->aAuxDb[i].db ){
        session_close_all(p, i);
        close_db(p->aAuxDb[i].db);
        p->aAuxDb[i].db = 0;
      }
    }else{
      raw_printf(stderr, "Usage: .connection [close] [CONNECTION-NUMBER]\n");
      rc = 1;
    }
  }else

  if( c=='d' && n>1 && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "databases", n)==0 ){
    char **azName = 0;
    int nName = 0;
    sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;
    int i;
    open_db(p, 0);
    rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(p->db, "PRAGMA database_list", -1, &pStmt, 0);
    if( rc ){

            eTxn==SQLITE_TXN_READ ? " read-txn" : " write-txn");
      free(azName[i*2]);
      free(azName[i*2+1]);
    }
    sqlite3_free(azName);
  }else

  if( c=='d' && n>=3 && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "dbconfig", n)==0 ){
    static const struct DbConfigChoices {
      const char *zName;
      int op;
    } aDbConfig[] = {
        { "defensive",          SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE             },
        { "dqs_ddl",            SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DDL               },
        { "dqs_dml",            SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML               },

        { "trigger_eqp",        SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP           },
        { "trusted_schema",     SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA        },
        { "writable_schema",    SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA       },
    };
    int ii, v;
    open_db(p, 0);
    for(ii=0; ii<ArraySize(aDbConfig); ii++){
      if( nArg>1 && cli_strcmp(azArg[1], aDbConfig[ii].zName)!=0 ) continue;
      if( nArg>=3 ){
        sqlite3_db_config(p->db, aDbConfig[ii].op, booleanValue(azArg[2]), 0);
      }
      sqlite3_db_config(p->db, aDbConfig[ii].op, -1, &v);
      utf8_printf(p->out, "%19s %s\n", aDbConfig[ii].zName, v ? "on" : "off");
      if( nArg>1 ) break;
    }
    if( nArg>1 && ii==ArraySize(aDbConfig) ){
      utf8_printf(stderr, "Error: unknown dbconfig \"%s\"\n", azArg[1]);
      utf8_printf(stderr, "Enter \".dbconfig\" with no arguments for a list\n");
    }   
  }else

#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE) && defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_DBPAGE_VTAB)
  if( c=='d' && n>=3 && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "dbinfo", n)==0 ){
    rc = shell_dbinfo_command(p, nArg, azArg);
  }else

  if( c=='r' && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "recover", n)==0 ){
    open_db(p, 0);
    rc = recoverDatabaseCmd(p, nArg, azArg);
  }else
#endif /* !(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE) && defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_DBPAGE_VTAB) */

  if( c=='d' && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "dump", n)==0 ){
    char *zLike = 0;
    char *zSql;
    int i;
    int savedShowHeader = p->showHeader;
    int savedShellFlags = p->shellFlgs;
    ShellClearFlag(p,
       SHFLG_PreserveRowid|SHFLG_Newlines|SHFLG_Echo
       |SHFLG_DumpDataOnly|SHFLG_DumpNoSys);
    for(i=1; i<nArg; i++){
      if( azArg[i][0]=='-' ){
        const char *z = azArg[i]+1;
        if( z[0]=='-' ) z++;
        if( cli_strcmp(z,"preserve-rowids")==0 ){
#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
          raw_printf(stderr, "The --preserve-rowids option is not compatible"
                             " with SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE\n");
          rc = 1;
          sqlite3_free(zLike);
          goto meta_command_exit;
#else
          ShellSetFlag(p, SHFLG_PreserveRowid);
#endif
        }else
        if( cli_strcmp(z,"newlines")==0 ){
          ShellSetFlag(p, SHFLG_Newlines);
        }else
        if( cli_strcmp(z,"data-only")==0 ){
          ShellSetFlag(p, SHFLG_DumpDataOnly);
        }else
        if( cli_strcmp(z,"nosys")==0 ){
          ShellSetFlag(p, SHFLG_DumpNoSys);
        }else
        {
          raw_printf(stderr, "Unknown option \"%s\" on \".dump\"\n", azArg[i]);
          rc = 1;
          sqlite3_free(zLike);
          goto meta_command_exit;

    if( (p->shellFlgs & SHFLG_DumpDataOnly)==0 ){
      raw_printf(p->out, p->nErr?"ROLLBACK; -- due to errors\n":"COMMIT;\n");
    }
    p->showHeader = savedShowHeader;
    p->shellFlgs = savedShellFlags;
  }else

  if( c=='e' && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "echo", n)==0 ){
    if( nArg==2 ){
      setOrClearFlag(p, SHFLG_Echo, azArg[1]);
    }else{
      raw_printf(stderr, "Usage: .echo on|off\n");
      rc = 1;
    }
  }else

  if( c=='e' && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "eqp", n)==0 ){
    if( nArg==2 ){
      p->autoEQPtest = 0;
      if( p->autoEQPtrace ){
        if( p->db ) sqlite3_exec(p->db, "PRAGMA vdbe_trace=OFF;", 0, 0, 0);
        p->autoEQPtrace = 0;
      }
      if( cli_strcmp(azArg[1],"full")==0 ){
        p->autoEQP = AUTOEQP_full;
      }else if( cli_strcmp(azArg[1],"trigger")==0 ){
        p->autoEQP = AUTOEQP_trigger;
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
      }else if( cli_strcmp(azArg[1],"test")==0 ){
        p->autoEQP = AUTOEQP_on;
        p->autoEQPtest = 1;
      }else if( cli_strcmp(azArg[1],"trace")==0 ){
        p->autoEQP = AUTOEQP_full;
        p->autoEQPtrace = 1;
        open_db(p, 0);
        sqlite3_exec(p->db, "SELECT name FROM sqlite_schema LIMIT 1", 0, 0, 0);
        sqlite3_exec(p->db, "PRAGMA vdbe_trace=ON;", 0, 0, 0);
#endif
      }else{
        p->autoEQP = (u8)booleanValue(azArg[1]);
      }
    }else{
      raw_printf(stderr, "Usage: .eqp off|on|trace|trigger|full\n");
      rc = 1;
    }
  }else

#ifndef SQLITE_SHELL_FIDDLE
  if( c=='e' && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "exit", n)==0 ){
    if( nArg>1 && (rc = (int)integerValue(azArg[1]))!=0 ) exit(rc);
    rc = 2;
  }else
#endif

  /* The ".explain" command is automatic now.  It is largely pointless.  It
  ** retained purely for backwards compatibility */
  if( c=='e' && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "explain", n)==0 ){
    int val = 1;
    if( nArg>=2 ){
      if( cli_strcmp(azArg[1],"auto")==0 ){
        val = 99;
      }else{
        val =  booleanValue(azArg[1]);
      }
    }
    if( val==1 && p->mode!=MODE_Explain ){
      p->normalMode = p->mode;
      p->mode = MODE_Explain;
      p->autoExplain = 0;
    }else if( val==0 ){
      if( p->mode==MODE_Explain ) p->mode = p->normalMode;
      p->autoExplain = 0;
    }else if( val==99 ){
      if( p->mode==MODE_Explain ) p->mode = p->normalMode;
      p->autoExplain = 1;
    }
  }else

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
  if( c=='e' && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "expert", n)==0 ){
    if( p->bSafeMode ){
      raw_printf(stderr, 
        "Cannot run experimental commands such as \"%s\" in safe mode\n",
        azArg[0]);
      rc = 1;
    }else{
      open_db(p, 0);
      expertDotCommand(p, azArg, nArg);
    }
  }else
#endif

  if( c=='f' && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "filectrl", n)==0 ){
    static const struct {
       const char *zCtrlName;   /* Name of a test-control option */
       int ctrlCode;            /* Integer code for that option */
       const char *zUsage;      /* Usage notes */
    } aCtrl[] = {
      { "chunk_size",     SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE,      "SIZE"           },
      { "data_version",   SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION,    ""               },

    const char *zCmd = 0;
    const char *zSchema = 0;

    open_db(p, 0);
    zCmd = nArg>=2 ? azArg[1] : "help";

    if( zCmd[0]=='-' 
     && (cli_strcmp(zCmd,"--schema")==0 || cli_strcmp(zCmd,"-schema")==0)
     && nArg>=4
    ){
      zSchema = azArg[2];
      for(i=3; i<nArg; i++) azArg[i-2] = azArg[i];
      nArg -= 2;
      zCmd = azArg[1];
    }

    /* The argument can optionally begin with "-" or "--" */
    if( zCmd[0]=='-' && zCmd[1] ){
      zCmd++;
      if( zCmd[0]=='-' && zCmd[1] ) zCmd++;
    }

    /* --help lists all file-controls */
    if( cli_strcmp(zCmd,"help")==0 ){
      utf8_printf(p->out, "Available file-controls:\n");
      for(i=0; i<ArraySize(aCtrl); i++){
        utf8_printf(p->out, "  .filectrl %s %s\n",
                    aCtrl[i].zCtrlName, aCtrl[i].zUsage);
      }
      rc = 1;
      goto meta_command_exit;
    }

    /* convert filectrl text option to value. allow any unique prefix
    ** of the option name, or a numerical value. */
    n2 = strlen30(zCmd);
    for(i=0; i<ArraySize(aCtrl); i++){
      if( cli_strncmp(zCmd, aCtrl[i].zCtrlName, n2)==0 ){
        if( filectrl<0 ){
          filectrl = aCtrl[i].ctrlCode;
          iCtrl = i;
        }else{
          utf8_printf(stderr, "Error: ambiguous file-control: \"%s\"\n"
                              "Use \".filectrl --help\" for help\n", zCmd);
          rc = 1;

    }else if( isOk==1 ){
      char zBuf[100];
      sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zBuf), zBuf, "%lld", iRes);
      raw_printf(p->out, "%s\n", zBuf);
    }
  }else

  if( c=='f' && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "fullschema", n)==0 ){
    ShellState data;
    int doStats = 0;
    memcpy(&data, p, sizeof(data));
    data.showHeader = 0;
    data.cMode = data.mode = MODE_Semi;
    if( nArg==2 && optionMatch(azArg[1], "indent") ){
      data.cMode = data.mode = MODE_Pretty;

      shell_exec(&data, "SELECT * FROM sqlite_stat1", 0);
      data.zDestTable = "sqlite_stat4";
      shell_exec(&data, "SELECT * FROM sqlite_stat4", 0);
      raw_printf(p->out, "ANALYZE sqlite_schema;\n");
    }
  }else

  if( c=='h' && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "headers", n)==0 ){
    if( nArg==2 ){
      p->showHeader = booleanValue(azArg[1]);
      p->shellFlgs |= SHFLG_HeaderSet;
    }else{
      raw_printf(stderr, "Usage: .headers on|off\n");
      rc = 1;
    }
  }else

  if( c=='h' && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "help", n)==0 ){
    if( nArg>=2 ){
      n = showHelp(p->out, azArg[1]);
      if( n==0 ){
        utf8_printf(p->out, "Nothing matches '%s'\n", azArg[1]);
      }
    }else{
      showHelp(p->out, 0);
    }
  }else

#ifndef SQLITE_SHELL_FIDDLE
  if( c=='i' && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "import", n)==0 ){
    char *zTable = 0;           /* Insert data into this table */
    char *zSchema = 0;          /* within this schema (may default to "main") */
    char *zFile = 0;            /* Name of file to extra content from */
    sqlite3_stmt *pStmt = NULL; /* A statement */
    int nCol;                   /* Number of columns in the table */
    int nByte;                  /* Number of bytes in an SQL string */
    int i, j;                   /* Loop counters */

        }else if( zTable==0 ){
          zTable = z;
        }else{
          utf8_printf(p->out, "ERROR: extra argument: \"%s\".  Usage:\n", z);
          showHelp(p->out, "import");
          goto meta_command_exit;
        }
      }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-v")==0 ){
        eVerbose++;
      }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-schema")==0 && i<nArg-1 ){
        zSchema = azArg[++i];
      }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-skip")==0 && i<nArg-1 ){
        nSkip = integerValue(azArg[++i]);
      }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-ascii")==0 ){
        sCtx.cColSep = SEP_Unit[0];
        sCtx.cRowSep = SEP_Record[0];
        xRead = ascii_read_one_field;
        useOutputMode = 0;
      }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-csv")==0 ){
        sCtx.cColSep = ',';
        sCtx.cRowSep = '\n';
        xRead = csv_read_one_field;
        useOutputMode = 0;
      }else{
        utf8_printf(p->out, "ERROR: unknown option: \"%s\".  Usage:\n", z);
        showHelp(p->out, "import");

      }
      nSep = strlen30(p->rowSeparator);
      if( nSep==0 ){
        raw_printf(stderr,
            "Error: non-null row separator required for import\n");
        goto meta_command_exit;
      }
      if( nSep==2 && p->mode==MODE_Csv
       && cli_strcmp(p->rowSeparator,SEP_CrLf)==0
      ){
        /* When importing CSV (only), if the row separator is set to the
        ** default output row separator, change it to the default input
        ** row separator.  This avoids having to maintain different input
        ** and output row separators. */
        sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(p->rowSeparator), p->rowSeparator, SEP_Row);
        nSep = strlen30(p->rowSeparator);
      }

          "Added %d rows with %d errors using %d lines of input\n",
          sCtx.nRow, sCtx.nErr, sCtx.nLine-1);
    }
  }else
#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_SHELL_FIDDLE) */

#ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
  if( c=='i' && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "imposter", n)==0 ){
    char *zSql;
    char *zCollist = 0;
    sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;
    int tnum = 0;
    int isWO = 0;  /* True if making an imposter of a WITHOUT ROWID table */
    int lenPK = 0; /* Length of the PRIMARY KEY string for isWO tables */
    int i;

      rc = 1;
    }
    sqlite3_free(zSql);
  }else
#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TEST_CONTROL) */

#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_IOTRACE
  if( c=='i' && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "iotrace", n)==0 ){
    SQLITE_API extern void (SQLITE_CDECL *sqlite3IoTrace)(const char*, ...);
    if( iotrace && iotrace!=stdout ) fclose(iotrace);
    iotrace = 0;
    if( nArg<2 ){
      sqlite3IoTrace = 0;
    }else if( cli_strcmp(azArg[1], "-")==0 ){
      sqlite3IoTrace = iotracePrintf;
      iotrace = stdout;
    }else{
      iotrace = fopen(azArg[1], "w");
      if( iotrace==0 ){
        utf8_printf(stderr, "Error: cannot open \"%s\"\n", azArg[1]);
        sqlite3IoTrace = 0;
        rc = 1;
      }else{
        sqlite3IoTrace = iotracePrintf;
      }
    }
  }else
#endif

  if( c=='l' && n>=5 && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "limits", n)==0 ){
    static const struct {
       const char *zLimitName;   /* Name of a limit */
       int limitCode;            /* Integer code for that limit */
    } aLimit[] = {
      { "length",                SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH                    },
      { "sql_length",            SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH                },
      { "column",                SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN                    },

                      (int)integerValue(azArg[2]));
      }
      printf("%20s %d\n", aLimit[iLimit].zLimitName,
             sqlite3_limit(p->db, aLimit[iLimit].limitCode, -1));
    }
  }else

  if( c=='l' && n>2 && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "lint", n)==0 ){
    open_db(p, 0);
    lintDotCommand(p, azArg, nArg);
  }else

#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION) && !defined(SQLITE_SHELL_FIDDLE)
  if( c=='l' && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "load", n)==0 ){
    const char *zFile, *zProc;
    char *zErrMsg = 0;
    failIfSafeMode(p, "cannot run .load in safe mode");
    if( nArg<2 ){
      raw_printf(stderr, "Usage: .load FILE ?ENTRYPOINT?\n");
      rc = 1;
      goto meta_command_exit;

      sqlite3_free(zErrMsg);
      rc = 1;
    }
  }else
#endif

#ifndef SQLITE_SHELL_FIDDLE
  if( c=='l' && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "log", n)==0 ){
    failIfSafeMode(p, "cannot run .log in safe mode");
    if( nArg!=2 ){
      raw_printf(stderr, "Usage: .log FILENAME\n");
      rc = 1;
    }else{
      const char *zFile = azArg[1];
      output_file_close(p->pLog);
      p->pLog = output_file_open(zFile, 0);
    }
  }else
#endif

  if( c=='m' && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "mode", n)==0 ){
    const char *zMode = 0;
    const char *zTabname = 0;
    int i, n2;
    ColModeOpts cmOpts = ColModeOpts_default;
    for(i=1; i<nArg; i++){
      const char *z = azArg[i];
      if( optionMatch(z,"wrap") && i+1<nArg ){
        cmOpts.iWrap = integerValue(azArg[++i]);
      }else if( optionMatch(z,"ww") ){
        cmOpts.bWordWrap = 1;
      }else if( optionMatch(z,"wordwrap") && i+1<nArg ){
        cmOpts.bWordWrap = (u8)booleanValue(azArg[++i]);
      }else if( optionMatch(z,"quote") ){
        cmOpts.bQuote = 1;
      }else if( optionMatch(z,"noquote") ){
        cmOpts.bQuote = 0;
      }else if( zMode==0 ){
        zMode = z;
        /* Apply defaults for qbox pseudo-mode.  If that
         * overwrites already-set values, user was informed of this.
         */
        if( cli_strcmp(z, "qbox")==0 ){
          ColModeOpts cmo = ColModeOpts_default_qbox;
          zMode = "box";
          cmOpts = cmo;
        }
      }else if( zTabname==0 ){
        zTabname = z;
      }else if( z[0]=='-' ){

           p->cmOpts.bQuote ? "" : "no");
      }else{
        raw_printf(p->out, "current output mode: %s\n", modeDescr[p->mode]);
      }
      zMode = modeDescr[p->mode];
    }
    n2 = strlen30(zMode);
    if( cli_strncmp(zMode,"lines",n2)==0 ){
      p->mode = MODE_Line;
      sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(p->rowSeparator), p->rowSeparator, SEP_Row);
    }else if( cli_strncmp(zMode,"columns",n2)==0 ){
      p->mode = MODE_Column;
      if( (p->shellFlgs & SHFLG_HeaderSet)==0 ){
        p->showHeader = 1;
      }
      sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(p->rowSeparator), p->rowSeparator, SEP_Row);
      p->cmOpts = cmOpts;
    }else if( cli_strncmp(zMode,"list",n2)==0 ){
      p->mode = MODE_List;
      sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(p->colSeparator), p->colSeparator, SEP_Column);
      sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(p->rowSeparator), p->rowSeparator, SEP_Row);
    }else if( cli_strncmp(zMode,"html",n2)==0 ){
      p->mode = MODE_Html;
    }else if( cli_strncmp(zMode,"tcl",n2)==0 ){
      p->mode = MODE_Tcl;
      sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(p->colSeparator), p->colSeparator, SEP_Space);
      sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(p->rowSeparator), p->rowSeparator, SEP_Row);
    }else if( cli_strncmp(zMode,"csv",n2)==0 ){
      p->mode = MODE_Csv;
      sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(p->colSeparator), p->colSeparator, SEP_Comma);
      sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(p->rowSeparator), p->rowSeparator, SEP_CrLf);
    }else if( cli_strncmp(zMode,"tabs",n2)==0 ){
      p->mode = MODE_List;
      sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(p->colSeparator), p->colSeparator, SEP_Tab);
    }else if( cli_strncmp(zMode,"insert",n2)==0 ){
      p->mode = MODE_Insert;
      set_table_name(p, zTabname ? zTabname : "table");
    }else if( cli_strncmp(zMode,"quote",n2)==0 ){
      p->mode = MODE_Quote;
      sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(p->colSeparator), p->colSeparator, SEP_Comma);
      sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(p->rowSeparator), p->rowSeparator, SEP_Row);
    }else if( cli_strncmp(zMode,"ascii",n2)==0 ){
      p->mode = MODE_Ascii;
      sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(p->colSeparator), p->colSeparator, SEP_Unit);
      sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(p->rowSeparator), p->rowSeparator, SEP_Record);
    }else if( cli_strncmp(zMode,"markdown",n2)==0 ){
      p->mode = MODE_Markdown;
      p->cmOpts = cmOpts;
    }else if( cli_strncmp(zMode,"table",n2)==0 ){
      p->mode = MODE_Table;
      p->cmOpts = cmOpts;
    }else if( cli_strncmp(zMode,"box",n2)==0 ){
      p->mode = MODE_Box;
      p->cmOpts = cmOpts;
    }else if( cli_strncmp(zMode,"count",n2)==0 ){
      p->mode = MODE_Count;
    }else if( cli_strncmp(zMode,"off",n2)==0 ){
      p->mode = MODE_Off;
    }else if( cli_strncmp(zMode,"json",n2)==0 ){
      p->mode = MODE_Json;
    }else{
      raw_printf(stderr, "Error: mode should be one of: "
         "ascii box column csv html insert json line list markdown "
         "qbox quote table tabs tcl\n");
      rc = 1;
    }
    p->cMode = p->mode;
  }else

#ifndef SQLITE_SHELL_FIDDLE
  if( c=='n' && cli_strcmp(azArg[0], "nonce")==0 ){
    if( nArg!=2 ){
      raw_printf(stderr, "Usage: .nonce NONCE\n");
      rc = 1;
    }else if( p->zNonce==0 || cli_strcmp(azArg[1],p->zNonce)!=0 ){
      raw_printf(stderr, "line %d: incorrect nonce: \"%s\"\n",
                 p->lineno, azArg[1]);
      exit(1);
    }else{
      p->bSafeMode = 0;
      return 0;  /* Return immediately to bypass the safe mode reset
                 ** at the end of this procedure */
    }
  }else
#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_SHELL_FIDDLE) */

  if( c=='n' && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "nullvalue", n)==0 ){
    if( nArg==2 ){
      sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(p->nullValue), p->nullValue,
                       "%.*s", (int)ArraySize(p->nullValue)-1, azArg[1]);
    }else{
      raw_printf(stderr, "Usage: .nullvalue STRING\n");
      rc = 1;
    }
  }else

  if( c=='o' && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "open", n)==0 && n>=2 ){
    const char *zFN = 0;     /* Pointer to constant filename */
    char *zNewFilename = 0;  /* Name of the database file to open */
    int iName = 1;           /* Index in azArg[] of the filename */
    int newFlag = 0;         /* True to delete file before opening */
    int openMode = SHELL_OPEN_UNSPEC;

    /* Check for command-line arguments */

    /* If a filename is specified, try to open it first */
    if( zFN || p->openMode==SHELL_OPEN_HEXDB ){
      if( newFlag && zFN && !p->bSafeMode ) shellDeleteFile(zFN);
#ifndef SQLITE_SHELL_FIDDLE
      if( p->bSafeMode
       && p->openMode!=SHELL_OPEN_HEXDB
       && zFN
       && cli_strcmp(zFN,":memory:")!=0
      ){
        failIfSafeMode(p, "cannot open disk-based database files in safe mode");
      }
#else
      /* WASM mode has its own sandboxed pseudo-filesystem. */
#endif
      if( zFN ){

      p->pAuxDb->zDbFilename = 0;
      open_db(p, 0);
    }
  }else

#ifndef SQLITE_SHELL_FIDDLE
  if( (c=='o'
        && (cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "output", n)==0
            || cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "once", n)==0))
   || (c=='e' && n==5 && cli_strcmp(azArg[0],"excel")==0)
  ){
    char *zFile = 0;
    int bTxtMode = 0;
    int i;
    int eMode = 0;
    int bOnce = 0;            /* 0: .output, 1: .once, 2: .excel */
    unsigned char zBOM[4];    /* Byte-order mark to using if --bom is present */

    zBOM[0] = 0;
    failIfSafeMode(p, "cannot run .%s in safe mode", azArg[0]);
    if( c=='e' ){
      eMode = 'x';
      bOnce = 2;
    }else if( cli_strncmp(azArg[0],"once",n)==0 ){
      bOnce = 1;
    }
    for(i=1; i<nArg; i++){
      char *z = azArg[i];
      if( z[0]=='-' ){
        if( z[1]=='-' ) z++;
        if( cli_strcmp(z,"-bom")==0 ){
          zBOM[0] = 0xef;
          zBOM[1] = 0xbb;
          zBOM[2] = 0xbf;
          zBOM[3] = 0;
        }else if( c!='e' && cli_strcmp(z,"-x")==0 ){
          eMode = 'x';  /* spreadsheet */
        }else if( c!='e' && cli_strcmp(z,"-e")==0 ){
          eMode = 'e';  /* text editor */
        }else{
          utf8_printf(p->out, "ERROR: unknown option: \"%s\".  Usage:\n",
                      azArg[i]);
          showHelp(p->out, azArg[0]);
          rc = 1;
          goto meta_command_exit;

        if( zBOM[0] ) fwrite(zBOM, 1, 3, p->out);
        sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(p->outfile), p->outfile, "%s", zFile);
      }
#endif
    }else{
      p->out = output_file_open(zFile, bTxtMode);
      if( p->out==0 ){
        if( cli_strcmp(zFile,"off")!=0 ){
          utf8_printf(stderr,"Error: cannot write to \"%s\"\n", zFile);
        }
        p->out = stdout;
        rc = 1;
      } else {
        if( zBOM[0] ) fwrite(zBOM, 1, 3, p->out);
        sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(p->outfile), p->outfile, "%s", zFile);
      }
    }
    sqlite3_free(zFile);
  }else
#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_SHELL_FIDDLE) */

  if( c=='p' && n>=3 && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "parameter", n)==0 ){
    open_db(p,0);
    if( nArg<=1 ) goto parameter_syntax_error;

    /* .parameter clear
    ** Clear all bind parameters by dropping the TEMP table that holds them.
    */
    if( nArg==2 && cli_strcmp(azArg[1],"clear")==0 ){
      sqlite3_exec(p->db, "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS temp.sqlite_parameters;",
                   0, 0, 0);
    }else

    /* .parameter list
    ** List all bind parameters.
    */
    if( nArg==2 && cli_strcmp(azArg[1],"list")==0 ){
      sqlite3_stmt *pStmt = 0;
      int rx;
      int len = 0;
      rx = sqlite3_prepare_v2(p->db,
             "SELECT max(length(key)) "
             "FROM temp.sqlite_parameters;", -1, &pStmt, 0);
      if( rx==SQLITE_OK && sqlite3_step(pStmt)==SQLITE_ROW ){

      }
    }else

    /* .parameter init
    ** Make sure the TEMP table used to hold bind parameters exists.
    ** Create it if necessary.
    */
    if( nArg==2 && cli_strcmp(azArg[1],"init")==0 ){
      bind_table_init(p);
    }else

    /* .parameter set NAME VALUE
    ** Set or reset a bind parameter.  NAME should be the full parameter
    ** name exactly as it appears in the query.  (ex: $abc, @def).  The
    ** VALUE can be in either SQL literal notation, or if not it will be
    ** understood to be a text string.
    */
    if( nArg==4 && cli_strcmp(azArg[1],"set")==0 ){
      int rx;
      char *zSql;
      sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;
      const char *zKey = azArg[2];
      const char *zValue = azArg[3];
      bind_table_init(p);
      zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(

      sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
    }else

    /* .parameter unset NAME
    ** Remove the NAME binding from the parameter binding table, if it
    ** exists.
    */
    if( nArg==3 && cli_strcmp(azArg[1],"unset")==0 ){
      char *zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(
          "DELETE FROM temp.sqlite_parameters WHERE key=%Q", azArg[2]);
      shell_check_oom(zSql);
      sqlite3_exec(p->db, zSql, 0, 0, 0);
      sqlite3_free(zSql);
    }else
    /* If no command name matches, show a syntax error */
    parameter_syntax_error:
    showHelp(p->out, "parameter");
  }else

  if( c=='p' && n>=3 && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "print", n)==0 ){
    int i;
    for(i=1; i<nArg; i++){
      if( i>1 ) raw_printf(p->out, " ");
      utf8_printf(p->out, "%s", azArg[i]);
    }
    raw_printf(p->out, "\n");
  }else

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
  if( c=='p' && n>=3 && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "progress", n)==0 ){
    int i;
    int nn = 0;
    p->flgProgress = 0;
    p->mxProgress = 0;
    p->nProgress = 0;
    for(i=1; i<nArg; i++){
      const char *z = azArg[i];
      if( z[0]=='-' ){
        z++;
        if( z[0]=='-' ) z++;
        if( cli_strcmp(z,"quiet")==0 || cli_strcmp(z,"q")==0 ){
          p->flgProgress |= SHELL_PROGRESS_QUIET;
          continue;
        }
        if( cli_strcmp(z,"reset")==0 ){
          p->flgProgress |= SHELL_PROGRESS_RESET;
          continue;
        }
        if( cli_strcmp(z,"once")==0 ){
          p->flgProgress |= SHELL_PROGRESS_ONCE;
          continue;
        }
        if( cli_strcmp(z,"limit")==0 ){
          if( i+1>=nArg ){
            utf8_printf(stderr, "Error: missing argument on --limit\n");
            rc = 1;
            goto meta_command_exit;
          }else{
            p->mxProgress = (int)integerValue(azArg[++i]);
          }

      }
    }
    open_db(p, 0);
    sqlite3_progress_handler(p->db, nn, progress_handler, p);
  }else
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK */

  if( c=='p' && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "prompt", n)==0 ){
    if( nArg >= 2) {
      strncpy(mainPrompt,azArg[1],(int)ArraySize(mainPrompt)-1);
    }
    if( nArg >= 3) {
      strncpy(continuePrompt,azArg[2],(int)ArraySize(continuePrompt)-1);
    }
  }else

#ifndef SQLITE_SHELL_FIDDLE
  if( c=='q' && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "quit", n)==0 ){
    rc = 2;
  }else
#endif

#ifndef SQLITE_SHELL_FIDDLE
  if( c=='r' && n>=3 && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "read", n)==0 ){
    FILE *inSaved = p->in;
    int savedLineno = p->lineno;
    failIfSafeMode(p, "cannot run .read in safe mode");
    if( nArg!=2 ){
      raw_printf(stderr, "Usage: .read FILE\n");
      rc = 1;
      goto meta_command_exit;

    }
    p->in = inSaved;
    p->lineno = savedLineno;
  }else
#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_SHELL_FIDDLE) */

#ifndef SQLITE_SHELL_FIDDLE
  if( c=='r' && n>=3 && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "restore", n)==0 ){
    const char *zSrcFile;
    const char *zDb;
    sqlite3 *pSrc;
    sqlite3_backup *pBackup;
    int nTimeout = 0;

    failIfSafeMode(p, "cannot run .restore in safe mode");

      utf8_printf(stderr, "Error: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(p->db));
      rc = 1;
    }
    close_db(pSrc);
  }else
#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_SHELL_FIDDLE) */

  if( c=='s' && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "scanstats", n)==0 ){
    if( nArg==2 ){
      p->scanstatsOn = (u8)booleanValue(azArg[1]);
#ifndef SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS
      raw_printf(stderr, "Warning: .scanstats not available in this build.\n");
#endif
    }else{
      raw_printf(stderr, "Usage: .scanstats on|off\n");
      rc = 1;
    }
  }else

  if( c=='s' && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "schema", n)==0 ){
    ShellText sSelect;
    ShellState data;
    char *zErrMsg = 0;
    const char *zDiv = "(";
    const char *zName = 0;
    int iSchema = 0;
    int bDebug = 0;

      raw_printf(stderr,"Error: querying schema information\n");
      rc = 1;
    }else{
      rc = 0;
    }
  }else

  if( (c=='s' && n==11 && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "selecttrace", n)==0)
   || (c=='t' && n==9  && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "treetrace", n)==0)
  ){
    unsigned int x = nArg>=2 ? (unsigned int)integerValue(azArg[1]) : 0xffffffff;
    sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_TRACEFLAGS, 1, &x);
  }else

#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SESSION)
  if( c=='s' && cli_strncmp(azArg[0],"session",n)==0 && n>=3 ){
    struct AuxDb *pAuxDb = p->pAuxDb;
    OpenSession *pSession = &pAuxDb->aSession[0];
    char **azCmd = &azArg[1];
    int iSes = 0;
    int nCmd = nArg - 1;
    int i;
    if( nArg<=1 ) goto session_syntax_error;
    open_db(p, 0);
    if( nArg>=3 ){
      for(iSes=0; iSes<pAuxDb->nSession; iSes++){
        if( cli_strcmp(pAuxDb->aSession[iSes].zName, azArg[1])==0 ) break;
      }
      if( iSes<pAuxDb->nSession ){
        pSession = &pAuxDb->aSession[iSes];
        azCmd++;
        nCmd--;
      }else{
        pSession = &pAuxDb->aSession[0];
        iSes = 0;
      }
    }

    /* .session attach TABLE
    ** Invoke the sqlite3session_attach() interface to attach a particular
    ** table so that it is never filtered.
    */
    if( cli_strcmp(azCmd[0],"attach")==0 ){
      if( nCmd!=2 ) goto session_syntax_error;
      if( pSession->p==0 ){
        session_not_open:
        raw_printf(stderr, "ERROR: No sessions are open\n");
      }else{
        rc = sqlite3session_attach(pSession->p, azCmd[1]);
        if( rc ){
          raw_printf(stderr, "ERROR: sqlite3session_attach() returns %d\n", rc);
          rc = 0;
        }
      }
    }else

    /* .session changeset FILE
    ** .session patchset FILE
    ** Write a changeset or patchset into a file.  The file is overwritten.
    */
    if( cli_strcmp(azCmd[0],"changeset")==0
     || cli_strcmp(azCmd[0],"patchset")==0
    ){
      FILE *out = 0;
      failIfSafeMode(p, "cannot run \".session %s\" in safe mode", azCmd[0]);
      if( nCmd!=2 ) goto session_syntax_error;
      if( pSession->p==0 ) goto session_not_open;
      out = fopen(azCmd[1], "wb");
      if( out==0 ){
        utf8_printf(stderr, "ERROR: cannot open \"%s\" for writing\n",

        fclose(out);
      }
    }else

    /* .session close
    ** Close the identified session
    */
    if( cli_strcmp(azCmd[0], "close")==0 ){
      if( nCmd!=1 ) goto session_syntax_error;
      if( pAuxDb->nSession ){
        session_close(pSession);
        pAuxDb->aSession[iSes] = pAuxDb->aSession[--pAuxDb->nSession];
      }
    }else

    /* .session enable ?BOOLEAN?
    ** Query or set the enable flag
    */
    if( cli_strcmp(azCmd[0], "enable")==0 ){
      int ii;
      if( nCmd>2 ) goto session_syntax_error;
      ii = nCmd==1 ? -1 : booleanValue(azCmd[1]);
      if( pAuxDb->nSession ){
        ii = sqlite3session_enable(pSession->p, ii);
        utf8_printf(p->out, "session %s enable flag = %d\n",
                    pSession->zName, ii);
      }
    }else

    /* .session filter GLOB ....
    ** Set a list of GLOB patterns of table names to be excluded.
    */
    if( cli_strcmp(azCmd[0], "filter")==0 ){
      int ii, nByte;
      if( nCmd<2 ) goto session_syntax_error;
      if( pAuxDb->nSession ){
        for(ii=0; ii<pSession->nFilter; ii++){
          sqlite3_free(pSession->azFilter[ii]);
        }
        sqlite3_free(pSession->azFilter);

        pSession->nFilter = ii-1;
      }
    }else

    /* .session indirect ?BOOLEAN?
    ** Query or set the indirect flag
    */
    if( cli_strcmp(azCmd[0], "indirect")==0 ){
      int ii;
      if( nCmd>2 ) goto session_syntax_error;
      ii = nCmd==1 ? -1 : booleanValue(azCmd[1]);
      if( pAuxDb->nSession ){
        ii = sqlite3session_indirect(pSession->p, ii);
        utf8_printf(p->out, "session %s indirect flag = %d\n",
                    pSession->zName, ii);
      }
    }else

    /* .session isempty
    ** Determine if the session is empty
    */
    if( cli_strcmp(azCmd[0], "isempty")==0 ){
      int ii;
      if( nCmd!=1 ) goto session_syntax_error;
      if( pAuxDb->nSession ){
        ii = sqlite3session_isempty(pSession->p);
        utf8_printf(p->out, "session %s isempty flag = %d\n",
                    pSession->zName, ii);
      }
    }else

    /* .session list
    ** List all currently open sessions
    */
    if( cli_strcmp(azCmd[0],"list")==0 ){
      for(i=0; i<pAuxDb->nSession; i++){
        utf8_printf(p->out, "%d %s\n", i, pAuxDb->aSession[i].zName);
      }
    }else

    /* .session open DB NAME
    ** Open a new session called NAME on the attached database DB.
    ** DB is normally "main".
    */
    if( cli_strcmp(azCmd[0],"open")==0 ){
      char *zName;
      if( nCmd!=3 ) goto session_syntax_error;
      zName = azCmd[2];
      if( zName[0]==0 ) goto session_syntax_error;
      for(i=0; i<pAuxDb->nSession; i++){
        if( cli_strcmp(pAuxDb->aSession[i].zName,zName)==0 ){
          utf8_printf(stderr, "Session \"%s\" already exists\n", zName);
          goto meta_command_exit;
        }
      }
      if( pAuxDb->nSession>=ArraySize(pAuxDb->aSession) ){
        raw_printf(stderr, "Maximum of %d sessions\n", ArraySize(pAuxDb->aSession));
        goto meta_command_exit;

    showHelp(p->out, "session");
  }else
#endif

#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  /* Undocumented commands for internal testing.  Subject to change
  ** without notice. */
  if( c=='s' && n>=10 && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "selftest-", 9)==0 ){
    if( cli_strncmp(azArg[0]+9, "boolean", n-9)==0 ){
      int i, v;
      for(i=1; i<nArg; i++){
        v = booleanValue(azArg[i]);
        utf8_printf(p->out, "%s: %d 0x%x\n", azArg[i], v, v);
      }
    }
    if( cli_strncmp(azArg[0]+9, "integer", n-9)==0 ){
      int i; sqlite3_int64 v;
      for(i=1; i<nArg; i++){
        char zBuf[200];
        v = integerValue(azArg[i]);
        sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zBuf),zBuf,"%s: %lld 0x%llx\n", azArg[i],v,v);
        utf8_printf(p->out, "%s", zBuf);
      }
    }
  }else
#endif

  if( c=='s' && n>=4 && cli_strncmp(azArg[0],"selftest",n)==0 ){
    int bIsInit = 0;         /* True to initialize the SELFTEST table */
    int bVerbose = 0;        /* Verbose output */
    int bSelftestExists;     /* True if SELFTEST already exists */
    int i, k;                /* Loop counters */
    int nTest = 0;           /* Number of tests runs */
    int nErr = 0;            /* Number of errors seen */
    ShellText str;           /* Answer for a query */
    sqlite3_stmt *pStmt = 0; /* Query against the SELFTEST table */

    open_db(p,0);
    for(i=1; i<nArg; i++){
      const char *z = azArg[i];
      if( z[0]=='-' && z[1]=='-' ) z++;
      if( cli_strcmp(z,"-init")==0 ){
        bIsInit = 1;
      }else
      if( cli_strcmp(z,"-v")==0 ){
        bVerbose++;
      }else
      {
        utf8_printf(stderr, "Unknown option \"%s\" on \"%s\"\n",
                    azArg[i], azArg[0]);
        raw_printf(stderr, "Should be one of: --init -v\n");
        rc = 1;

        if( zOp==0 ) continue;
        if( zSql==0 ) continue;
        if( zAns==0 ) continue;
        k = 0;
        if( bVerbose>0 ){
          printf("%d: %s %s\n", tno, zOp, zSql);
        }
        if( cli_strcmp(zOp,"memo")==0 ){
          utf8_printf(p->out, "%s\n", zSql);
        }else
        if( cli_strcmp(zOp,"run")==0 ){
          char *zErrMsg = 0;
          str.n = 0;
          str.z[0] = 0;
          rc = sqlite3_exec(p->db, zSql, captureOutputCallback, &str, &zErrMsg);
          nTest++;
          if( bVerbose ){
            utf8_printf(p->out, "Result: %s\n", str.z);
          }
          if( rc || zErrMsg ){
            nErr++;
            rc = 1;
            utf8_printf(p->out, "%d: error-code-%d: %s\n", tno, rc, zErrMsg);
            sqlite3_free(zErrMsg);
          }else if( cli_strcmp(zAns,str.z)!=0 ){
            nErr++;
            rc = 1;
            utf8_printf(p->out, "%d: Expected: [%s]\n", tno, zAns);
            utf8_printf(p->out, "%d:      Got: [%s]\n", tno, str.z);
          }
        }else
        {
          utf8_printf(stderr,
            "Unknown operation \"%s\" on selftest line %d\n", zOp, tno);
          rc = 1;
          break;
        }
      } /* End loop over rows of content from SELFTEST */
      sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
    } /* End loop over k */
    freeText(&str);
    utf8_printf(p->out, "%d errors out of %d tests\n", nErr, nTest);
  }else

  if( c=='s' && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "separator", n)==0 ){
    if( nArg<2 || nArg>3 ){
      raw_printf(stderr, "Usage: .separator COL ?ROW?\n");
      rc = 1;
    }
    if( nArg>=2 ){
      sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(p->colSeparator), p->colSeparator,
                       "%.*s", (int)ArraySize(p->colSeparator)-1, azArg[1]);
    }
    if( nArg>=3 ){
      sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(p->rowSeparator), p->rowSeparator,
                       "%.*s", (int)ArraySize(p->rowSeparator)-1, azArg[2]);
    }
  }else

  if( c=='s' && n>=4 && cli_strncmp(azArg[0],"sha3sum",n)==0 ){
    const char *zLike = 0;   /* Which table to checksum. 0 means everything */
    int i;                   /* Loop counter */
    int bSchema = 0;         /* Also hash the schema */
    int bSeparate = 0;       /* Hash each table separately */
    int iSize = 224;         /* Hash algorithm to use */
    int bDebug = 0;          /* Only show the query that would have run */
    sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;     /* For querying tables names */
    char *zSql;              /* SQL to be run */
    char *zSep;              /* Separator */
    ShellText sSql;          /* Complete SQL for the query to run the hash */
    ShellText sQuery;        /* Set of queries used to read all content */
    open_db(p, 0);
    for(i=1; i<nArg; i++){
      const char *z = azArg[i];
      if( z[0]=='-' ){
        z++;
        if( z[0]=='-' ) z++;
        if( cli_strcmp(z,"schema")==0 ){
          bSchema = 1;
        }else
        if( cli_strcmp(z,"sha3-224")==0 || cli_strcmp(z,"sha3-256")==0
         || cli_strcmp(z,"sha3-384")==0 || cli_strcmp(z,"sha3-512")==0
        ){
          iSize = atoi(&z[5]);
        }else
        if( cli_strcmp(z,"debug")==0 ){
          bDebug = 1;
        }else
        {
          utf8_printf(stderr, "Unknown option \"%s\" on \"%s\"\n",
                      azArg[i], azArg[0]);
          showHelp(p->out, azArg[0]);
          rc = 1;

    initText(&sSql);
    appendText(&sSql, "WITH [sha3sum$query](a,b) AS(",0);
    zSep = "VALUES(";
    while( SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pStmt) ){
      const char *zTab = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pStmt,0);
      if( zTab==0 ) continue;
      if( zLike && sqlite3_strlike(zLike, zTab, 0)!=0 ) continue;
      if( cli_strncmp(zTab, "sqlite_",7)!=0 ){
        appendText(&sQuery,"SELECT * FROM ", 0);
        appendText(&sQuery,zTab,'"');
        appendText(&sQuery," NOT INDEXED;", 0);
      }else if( cli_strcmp(zTab, "sqlite_schema")==0 ){
        appendText(&sQuery,"SELECT type,name,tbl_name,sql FROM sqlite_schema"
                           " ORDER BY name;", 0);
      }else if( cli_strcmp(zTab, "sqlite_sequence")==0 ){
        appendText(&sQuery,"SELECT name,seq FROM sqlite_sequence"
                           " ORDER BY name;", 0);
      }else if( cli_strcmp(zTab, "sqlite_stat1")==0 ){
        appendText(&sQuery,"SELECT tbl,idx,stat FROM sqlite_stat1"
                           " ORDER BY tbl,idx;", 0);
      }else if( cli_strcmp(zTab, "sqlite_stat4")==0 ){
        appendText(&sQuery, "SELECT * FROM ", 0);
        appendText(&sQuery, zTab, 0);
        appendText(&sQuery, " ORDER BY tbl, idx, rowid;\n", 0);
      }
      appendText(&sSql, zSep, 0);
      appendText(&sSql, sQuery.z, '\'');
      sQuery.n = 0;

      shell_exec(p, zSql, 0);
    }
    sqlite3_free(zSql);
  }else

#if !defined(SQLITE_NOHAVE_SYSTEM) && !defined(SQLITE_SHELL_FIDDLE)
  if( c=='s'
   && (cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "shell", n)==0
       || cli_strncmp(azArg[0],"system",n)==0)
  ){
    char *zCmd;
    int i, x;
    failIfSafeMode(p, "cannot run .%s in safe mode", azArg[0]);
    if( nArg<2 ){
      raw_printf(stderr, "Usage: .system COMMAND\n");
      rc = 1;
      goto meta_command_exit;
    }
    zCmd = sqlite3_mprintf(strchr(azArg[1],' ')==0?"%s":"\"%s\"", azArg[1]);
    for(i=2; i<nArg && zCmd!=0; i++){
      zCmd = sqlite3_mprintf(strchr(azArg[i],' ')==0?"%z %s":"%z \"%s\"",
                             zCmd, azArg[i]);
    }
    x = zCmd!=0 ? system(zCmd) : 1;
    sqlite3_free(zCmd);
    if( x ) raw_printf(stderr, "System command returns %d\n", x);
  }else
#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_NOHAVE_SYSTEM) && !defined(SQLITE_SHELL_FIDDLE) */

  if( c=='s' && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "show", n)==0 ){
    static const char *azBool[] = { "off", "on", "trigger", "full"};
    const char *zOut;
    int i;
    if( nArg!=1 ){
      raw_printf(stderr, "Usage: .show\n");
      rc = 1;
      goto meta_command_exit;

      raw_printf(p->out, "%d ", p->colWidth[i]);
    }
    raw_printf(p->out, "\n");
    utf8_printf(p->out, "%12.12s: %s\n", "filename",
                p->pAuxDb->zDbFilename ? p->pAuxDb->zDbFilename : "");
  }else

  if( c=='s' && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "stats", n)==0 ){
    if( nArg==2 ){
      if( cli_strcmp(azArg[1],"stmt")==0 ){
        p->statsOn = 2;
      }else if( cli_strcmp(azArg[1],"vmstep")==0 ){
        p->statsOn = 3;
      }else{
        p->statsOn = (u8)booleanValue(azArg[1]);
      }
    }else if( nArg==1 ){
      display_stats(p->db, p, 0);
    }else{
      raw_printf(stderr, "Usage: .stats ?on|off|stmt|vmstep?\n");
      rc = 1;
    }
  }else

  if( (c=='t' && n>1 && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "tables", n)==0)
   || (c=='i' && (cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "indices", n)==0
                 || cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "indexes", n)==0) )
  ){
    sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;
    char **azResult;
    int nRow, nAlloc;
    int ii;
    ShellText s;
    initText(&s);

    for(ii=0; ii<nRow; ii++) sqlite3_free(azResult[ii]);
    sqlite3_free(azResult);
  }else

#ifndef SQLITE_SHELL_FIDDLE
  /* Begin redirecting output to the file "testcase-out.txt" */
  if( c=='t' && cli_strcmp(azArg[0],"testcase")==0 ){
    output_reset(p);
    p->out = output_file_open("testcase-out.txt", 0);
    if( p->out==0 ){
      raw_printf(stderr, "Error: cannot open 'testcase-out.txt'\n");
    }
    if( nArg>=2 ){
      sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(p->zTestcase), p->zTestcase, "%s", azArg[1]);
    }else{
      sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(p->zTestcase), p->zTestcase, "?");
    }
  }else
#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_SHELL_FIDDLE) */

#ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
  if( c=='t' && n>=8 && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "testctrl", n)==0 ){
    static const struct {
       const char *zCtrlName;   /* Name of a test-control option */
       int ctrlCode;            /* Integer code for that option */
       int unSafe;              /* Not valid for --safe mode */
       const char *zUsage;      /* Usage notes */
    } aCtrl[] = {
      { "always",             SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS, 1,     "BOOLEAN"         },

    /* The argument can optionally begin with "-" or "--" */
    if( zCmd[0]=='-' && zCmd[1] ){
      zCmd++;
      if( zCmd[0]=='-' && zCmd[1] ) zCmd++;
    }

    /* --help lists all test-controls */
    if( cli_strcmp(zCmd,"help")==0 ){
      utf8_printf(p->out, "Available test-controls:\n");
      for(i=0; i<ArraySize(aCtrl); i++){
        utf8_printf(p->out, "  .testctrl %s %s\n",
                    aCtrl[i].zCtrlName, aCtrl[i].zUsage);
      }
      rc = 1;
      goto meta_command_exit;
    }

    /* convert testctrl text option to value. allow any unique prefix
    ** of the option name, or a numerical value. */
    n2 = strlen30(zCmd);
    for(i=0; i<ArraySize(aCtrl); i++){
      if( cli_strncmp(zCmd, aCtrl[i].zCtrlName, n2)==0 ){
        if( testctrl<0 ){
          testctrl = aCtrl[i].ctrlCode;
          iCtrl = i;
        }else{
          utf8_printf(stderr, "Error: ambiguous test-control: \"%s\"\n"
                              "Use \".testctrl --help\" for help\n", zCmd);
          rc = 1;

          break;

        /* sqlite3_test_control(int, int, sqlite3*) */
        case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SEED:
          if( nArg==3 || nArg==4 ){
            int ii = (int)integerValue(azArg[2]);
            sqlite3 *db;
            if( ii==0 && cli_strcmp(azArg[2],"random")==0 ){
              sqlite3_randomness(sizeof(ii),&ii);
              printf("-- random seed: %d\n", ii);
            }
            if( nArg==3 ){
              db = 0;
            }else{
              db = p->db;

      raw_printf(p->out, "%d\n", rc2);
    }else if( isOk==2 ){
      raw_printf(p->out, "0x%08x\n", rc2);
    }
  }else
#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_UNTESTABLE) */

  if( c=='t' && n>4 && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "timeout", n)==0 ){
    open_db(p, 0);
    sqlite3_busy_timeout(p->db, nArg>=2 ? (int)integerValue(azArg[1]) : 0);
  }else

  if( c=='t' && n>=5 && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "timer", n)==0 ){
    if( nArg==2 ){
      enableTimer = booleanValue(azArg[1]);
      if( enableTimer && !HAS_TIMER ){
        raw_printf(stderr, "Error: timer not available on this system.\n");
        enableTimer = 0;
      }
    }else{
      raw_printf(stderr, "Usage: .timer on|off\n");
      rc = 1;
    }
  }else

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE
  if( c=='t' && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "trace", n)==0 ){
    int mType = 0;
    int jj;
    open_db(p, 0);
    for(jj=1; jj<nArg; jj++){
      const char *z = azArg[jj];
      if( z[0]=='-' ){
        if( optionMatch(z, "expanded") ){

      if( mType==0 ) mType = SQLITE_TRACE_STMT;
      sqlite3_trace_v2(p->db, mType, sql_trace_callback, p);
    }
  }else
#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE) */

#if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
  if( c=='u' && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "unmodule", n)==0 ){
    int ii;
    int lenOpt;
    char *zOpt;
    if( nArg<2 ){
      raw_printf(stderr, "Usage: .unmodule [--allexcept] NAME ...\n");
      rc = 1;
      goto meta_command_exit;
    }
    open_db(p, 0);
    zOpt = azArg[1];
    if( zOpt[0]=='-' && zOpt[1]=='-' && zOpt[2]!=0 ) zOpt++;
    lenOpt = (int)strlen(zOpt);
    if( lenOpt>=3 && cli_strncmp(zOpt, "-allexcept",lenOpt)==0 ){
      assert( azArg[nArg]==0 );
      sqlite3_drop_modules(p->db, nArg>2 ? (const char**)(azArg+2) : 0);
    }else{
      for(ii=1; ii<nArg; ii++){
        sqlite3_create_module(p->db, azArg[ii], 0, 0);
      }
    }
  }else
#endif

#if SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
  if( c=='u' && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "user", n)==0 ){
    if( nArg<2 ){
      raw_printf(stderr, "Usage: .user SUBCOMMAND ...\n");
      rc = 1;
      goto meta_command_exit;
    }
    open_db(p, 0);
    if( cli_strcmp(azArg[1],"login")==0 ){
      if( nArg!=4 ){
        raw_printf(stderr, "Usage: .user login USER PASSWORD\n");
        rc = 1;
        goto meta_command_exit;
      }
      rc = sqlite3_user_authenticate(p->db, azArg[2], azArg[3],
                                     strlen30(azArg[3]));
      if( rc ){
        utf8_printf(stderr, "Authentication failed for user %s\n", azArg[2]);
        rc = 1;
      }
    }else if( cli_strcmp(azArg[1],"add")==0 ){
      if( nArg!=5 ){
        raw_printf(stderr, "Usage: .user add USER PASSWORD ISADMIN\n");
        rc = 1;
        goto meta_command_exit;
      }
      rc = sqlite3_user_add(p->db, azArg[2], azArg[3], strlen30(azArg[3]),
                            booleanValue(azArg[4]));
      if( rc ){
        raw_printf(stderr, "User-Add failed: %d\n", rc);
        rc = 1;
      }
    }else if( cli_strcmp(azArg[1],"edit")==0 ){
      if( nArg!=5 ){
        raw_printf(stderr, "Usage: .user edit USER PASSWORD ISADMIN\n");
        rc = 1;
        goto meta_command_exit;
      }
      rc = sqlite3_user_change(p->db, azArg[2], azArg[3], strlen30(azArg[3]),
                              booleanValue(azArg[4]));
      if( rc ){
        raw_printf(stderr, "User-Edit failed: %d\n", rc);
        rc = 1;
      }
    }else if( cli_strcmp(azArg[1],"delete")==0 ){
      if( nArg!=3 ){
        raw_printf(stderr, "Usage: .user delete USER\n");
        rc = 1;
        goto meta_command_exit;
      }
      rc = sqlite3_user_delete(p->db, azArg[2]);
      if( rc ){
        raw_printf(stderr, "User-Delete failed: %d\n", rc);
        rc = 1;
      }
    }else{
      raw_printf(stderr, "Usage: .user login|add|edit|delete ...\n");
      rc = 1;
      goto meta_command_exit;
    }
  }else
#endif /* SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION */

  if( c=='v' && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "version", n)==0 ){
    utf8_printf(p->out, "SQLite %s %s\n" /*extra-version-info*/,
        sqlite3_libversion(), sqlite3_sourceid());
#if SQLITE_HAVE_ZLIB
    utf8_printf(p->out, "zlib version %s\n", zlibVersion());
#endif
#define CTIMEOPT_VAL_(opt) #opt
#define CTIMEOPT_VAL(opt) CTIMEOPT_VAL_(opt)
#if defined(__clang__) && defined(__clang_major__)
    utf8_printf(p->out, "clang-" CTIMEOPT_VAL(__clang_major__) "."
                    CTIMEOPT_VAL(__clang_minor__) "."
                    CTIMEOPT_VAL(__clang_patchlevel__) "\n");
#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
    utf8_printf(p->out, "msvc-" CTIMEOPT_VAL(_MSC_VER) "\n");
#elif defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__VERSION__)
    utf8_printf(p->out, "gcc-" __VERSION__ "\n");
#endif
  }else

  if( c=='v' && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "vfsinfo", n)==0 ){
    const char *zDbName = nArg==2 ? azArg[1] : "main";
    sqlite3_vfs *pVfs = 0;
    if( p->db ){
      sqlite3_file_control(p->db, zDbName, SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER, &pVfs);
      if( pVfs ){
        utf8_printf(p->out, "vfs.zName      = \"%s\"\n", pVfs->zName);
        raw_printf(p->out, "vfs.iVersion   = %d\n", pVfs->iVersion);
        raw_printf(p->out, "vfs.szOsFile   = %d\n", pVfs->szOsFile);
        raw_printf(p->out, "vfs.mxPathname = %d\n", pVfs->mxPathname);
      }
    }
  }else

  if( c=='v' && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "vfslist", n)==0 ){
    sqlite3_vfs *pVfs;
    sqlite3_vfs *pCurrent = 0;
    if( p->db ){
      sqlite3_file_control(p->db, "main", SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER, &pCurrent);
    }
    for(pVfs=sqlite3_vfs_find(0); pVfs; pVfs=pVfs->pNext){
      utf8_printf(p->out, "vfs.zName      = \"%s\"%s\n", pVfs->zName,
           pVfs==pCurrent ? "  <--- CURRENT" : "");
      raw_printf(p->out, "vfs.iVersion   = %d\n", pVfs->iVersion);
      raw_printf(p->out, "vfs.szOsFile   = %d\n", pVfs->szOsFile);
      raw_printf(p->out, "vfs.mxPathname = %d\n", pVfs->mxPathname);
      if( pVfs->pNext ){
        raw_printf(p->out, "-----------------------------------\n");
      }
    }
  }else

  if( c=='v' && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "vfsname", n)==0 ){
    const char *zDbName = nArg==2 ? azArg[1] : "main";
    char *zVfsName = 0;
    if( p->db ){
      sqlite3_file_control(p->db, zDbName, SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME, &zVfsName);
      if( zVfsName ){
        utf8_printf(p->out, "%s\n", zVfsName);
        sqlite3_free(zVfsName);
      }
    }
  }else

  if( c=='w' && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "wheretrace", n)==0 ){
    unsigned int x = nArg>=2 ? (unsigned int)integerValue(azArg[1]) : 0xffffffff;
    sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_TRACEFLAGS, 3, &x);
  }else

  if( c=='w' && cli_strncmp(azArg[0], "width", n)==0 ){
    int j;
    assert( nArg<=ArraySize(azArg) );
    p->nWidth = nArg-1;
    p->colWidth = realloc(p->colWidth, (p->nWidth+1)*sizeof(int)*2);
    if( p->colWidth==0 && p->nWidth>0 ) shell_out_of_memory();
    if( p->nWidth ) p->actualWidth = &p->colWidth[p->nWidth];
    for(j=1; j<nArg; j++){

  if( rc || zErrMsg ){
    char zPrefix[100];
    const char *zErrorTail;
    const char *zErrorType;
    if( zErrMsg==0 ){
      zErrorType = "Error";
      zErrorTail = sqlite3_errmsg(p->db);
    }else if( cli_strncmp(zErrMsg, "in prepare, ",12)==0 ){
      zErrorType = "Parse error";
      zErrorTail = &zErrMsg[12];
    }else if( cli_strncmp(zErrMsg, "stepping, ", 10)==0 ){
      zErrorType = "Runtime error";
      zErrorTail = &zErrMsg[10];
    }else{
      zErrorType = "Error";
      zErrorTail = zErrMsg;
    }
    if( in!=0 || !stdin_is_interactive ){

** without moving lots of code around (creating a larger/messier diff).
*/
static char *one_input_line(FILE *in, char *zPrior, int isContinuation){
  /* Parse the next line from shellState.wasm.zInput. */
  const char *zBegin = shellState.wasm.zPos;
  const char *z = zBegin;
  char *zLine = 0;
  i64 nZ = 0;

  UNUSED_PARAMETER(in);
  UNUSED_PARAMETER(isContinuation);
  if(!z || !*z){
    return 0;
  }
  while(*z && isspace(*z)) ++z;
  zBegin = z;
  for(; *z && '\n'!=*z; ++nZ, ++z){}
  if(nZ>0 && '\r'==zBegin[nZ-1]){
    --nZ;
  }
  shellState.wasm.zPos = z;
  zLine = realloc(zPrior, nZ+1);
  shell_check_oom(zLine);
  memcpy(zLine, zBegin, nZ);
  zLine[nZ] = 0;
  return zLine;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_SHELL_FIDDLE */

/*
** Read input from *in and process it.  If *in==0 then input
** is interactive - the user is typing it it.  Otherwise, input
** is coming from a file or device.  A prompt is issued and history
** is saved only if input is interactive.  An interrupt signal will
** cause this routine to exit immediately, unless input is interactive.
**
** Return the number of errors.
*/
static int process_input(ShellState *p){
  char *zLine = 0;          /* A single input line */
  char *zSql = 0;           /* Accumulated SQL text */
  i64 nLine;                /* Length of current line */
  i64 nSql = 0;             /* Bytes of zSql[] used */
  i64 nAlloc = 0;           /* Allocated zSql[] space */
  int rc;                   /* Error code */
  int errCnt = 0;           /* Number of errors seen */
  i64 startline = 0;        /* Line number for start of current input */
  QuickScanState qss = QSS_Start; /* Accumulated line status (so far) */

  if( p->inputNesting==MAX_INPUT_NESTING ){
    /* This will be more informative in a later version. */
    utf8_printf(stderr,"Input nesting limit (%d) reached at line %d."
                " Check recursion.\n", MAX_INPUT_NESTING, p->lineno);
    return 1;

          errCnt++;
        }
      }
      qss = QSS_Start;
      continue;
    }
    /* No single-line dispositions remain; accumulate line(s). */
    nLine = strlen(zLine);
    if( nSql+nLine+2>=nAlloc ){
      /* Grow buffer by half-again increments when big. */
      nAlloc = nSql+(nSql>>1)+nLine+100;
      zSql = realloc(zSql, nAlloc);
      shell_check_oom(zSql);
    }
    if( nSql==0 ){
      i64 i;
      for(i=0; zLine[i] && IsSpace(zLine[i]); i++){}
      assert( nAlloc>0 && zSql!=0 );
      memcpy(zSql, zLine+i, nLine+1-i);
      startline = p->lineno;
      nSql = nLine-i;
    }else{
      zSql[nSql++] = '\n';

    home_dir = "c:\\";
  }
#endif

#endif /* !_WIN32_WCE */

  if( home_dir ){
    i64 n = strlen(home_dir) + 1;
    char *z = malloc( n );
    if( z ) memcpy(z, home_dir, n);
    home_dir = z;
  }

  return home_dir;
}

#endif

  setBinaryMode(stdin, 0);
  setvbuf(stderr, 0, _IONBF, 0); /* Make sure stderr is unbuffered */
#ifdef SQLITE_SHELL_FIDDLE
  stdin_is_interactive = 0;
  stdout_is_console = 1;
  data.wasm.zDefaultDbName = "/fiddle.sqlite3";
#else
  stdin_is_interactive = isatty(0);
  stdout_is_console = isatty(1);
#endif

#if !defined(_WIN32_WCE)
  if( getenv("SQLITE_DEBUG_BREAK") ){

      raise(SIGTRAP);
#endif
    }
  }
#endif

#if USE_SYSTEM_SQLITE+0!=1
  if( cli_strncmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID,60)!=0 ){
    utf8_printf(stderr, "SQLite header and source version mismatch\n%s\n%s\n",
            sqlite3_sourceid(), SQLITE_SOURCE_ID);
    exit(1);
  }
#endif
  main_init(&data);

  sqlite3_initialize();
  argvToFree = malloc(sizeof(argv[0])*argc*2);
  shell_check_oom(argvToFree);
  argcToFree = argc;
  argv = argvToFree + argc;
  for(i=0; i<argc; i++){
    char *z = sqlite3_win32_unicode_to_utf8(wargv[i]);
    i64 n;
    shell_check_oom(z);
    n = strlen(z);
    argv[i] = malloc( n+1 );
    shell_check_oom(argv[i]);
    memcpy(argv[i], z, n+1);
    argvToFree[i] = argv[i];
    sqlite3_free(z);
  }
  sqlite3_shutdown();

        nCmd++;
        azCmd = realloc(azCmd, sizeof(azCmd[0])*nCmd);
        shell_check_oom(azCmd);
        azCmd[nCmd-1] = z;
      }
    }
    if( z[1]=='-' ) z++;
    if( cli_strcmp(z,"-separator")==0
     || cli_strcmp(z,"-nullvalue")==0
     || cli_strcmp(z,"-newline")==0
     || cli_strcmp(z,"-cmd")==0
    ){
      (void)cmdline_option_value(argc, argv, ++i);
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-init")==0 ){
      zInitFile = cmdline_option_value(argc, argv, ++i);
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-batch")==0 ){
      /* Need to check for batch mode here to so we can avoid printing
      ** informational messages (like from process_sqliterc) before
      ** we do the actual processing of arguments later in a second pass.
      */
      stdin_is_interactive = 0;
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-heap")==0 ){
#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5)
      const char *zSize;
      sqlite3_int64 szHeap;

      zSize = cmdline_option_value(argc, argv, ++i);
      szHeap = integerValue(zSize);
      if( szHeap>0x7fff0000 ) szHeap = 0x7fff0000;
      sqlite3_config(SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP, malloc((int)szHeap), (int)szHeap, 64);
#else
      (void)cmdline_option_value(argc, argv, ++i);
#endif
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-pagecache")==0 ){
      sqlite3_int64 n, sz;
      sz = integerValue(cmdline_option_value(argc,argv,++i));
      if( sz>70000 ) sz = 70000;
      if( sz<0 ) sz = 0;
      n = integerValue(cmdline_option_value(argc,argv,++i));
      if( sz>0 && n>0 && 0xffffffffffffLL/sz<n ){
        n = 0xffffffffffffLL/sz;
      }
      sqlite3_config(SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE,
                    (n>0 && sz>0) ? malloc(n*sz) : 0, sz, n);
      data.shellFlgs |= SHFLG_Pagecache;
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-lookaside")==0 ){
      int n, sz;
      sz = (int)integerValue(cmdline_option_value(argc,argv,++i));
      if( sz<0 ) sz = 0;
      n = (int)integerValue(cmdline_option_value(argc,argv,++i));
      if( n<0 ) n = 0;
      sqlite3_config(SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE, sz, n);
      if( sz*n==0 ) data.shellFlgs &= ~SHFLG_Lookaside;
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-threadsafe")==0 ){
      int n;
      n = (int)integerValue(cmdline_option_value(argc,argv,++i));
      switch( n ){
         case 0:  sqlite3_config(SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD);  break;
         case 2:  sqlite3_config(SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD);   break;
         default: sqlite3_config(SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED);    break;
      }
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_VFSTRACE
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-vfstrace")==0 ){
      extern int vfstrace_register(
         const char *zTraceName,
         const char *zOldVfsName,
         int (*xOut)(const char*,void*),
         void *pOutArg,
         int makeDefault
      );
      vfstrace_register("trace",0,(int(*)(const char*,void*))fputs,stderr,1);
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MULTIPLEX
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-multiplex")==0 ){
      extern int sqlite3_multiple_initialize(const char*,int);
      sqlite3_multiplex_initialize(0, 1);
#endif
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-mmap")==0 ){
      sqlite3_int64 sz = integerValue(cmdline_option_value(argc,argv,++i));
      sqlite3_config(SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE, sz, sz);
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SORTER_REFERENCES
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-sorterref")==0 ){
      sqlite3_int64 sz = integerValue(cmdline_option_value(argc,argv,++i));
      sqlite3_config(SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE, (int)sz);
#endif
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-vfs")==0 ){
      zVfs = cmdline_option_value(argc, argv, ++i);
#ifdef SQLITE_HAVE_ZLIB
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-zip")==0 ){
      data.openMode = SHELL_OPEN_ZIPFILE;
#endif
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-append")==0 ){
      data.openMode = SHELL_OPEN_APPENDVFS;
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DESERIALIZE
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-deserialize")==0 ){
      data.openMode = SHELL_OPEN_DESERIALIZE;
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-maxsize")==0 && i+1<argc ){
      data.szMax = integerValue(argv[++i]);
#endif
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-readonly")==0 ){
      data.openMode = SHELL_OPEN_READONLY;
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-nofollow")==0 ){
      data.openFlags = SQLITE_OPEN_NOFOLLOW;
#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE) && defined(SQLITE_HAVE_ZLIB)
    }else if( cli_strncmp(z, "-A",2)==0 ){
      /* All remaining command-line arguments are passed to the ".archive"
      ** command, so ignore them */
      break;
#endif
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z, "-memtrace")==0 ){
      sqlite3MemTraceActivate(stderr);
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-bail")==0 ){
      bail_on_error = 1;
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-nonce")==0 ){
      free(data.zNonce);
      data.zNonce = strdup(argv[++i]);
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-safe")==0 ){
      /* no-op - catch this on the second pass */
    }
  }
  verify_uninitialized();


#ifdef SQLITE_SHELL_INIT_PROC

  ** file is processed so that the command-line arguments will override
  ** settings in the initialization file.
  */
  for(i=1; i<argc; i++){
    char *z = argv[i];
    if( z[0]!='-' ) continue;
    if( z[1]=='-' ){ z++; }
    if( cli_strcmp(z,"-init")==0 ){
      i++;
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-html")==0 ){
      data.mode = MODE_Html;
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-list")==0 ){
      data.mode = MODE_List;
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-quote")==0 ){
      data.mode = MODE_Quote;
      sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(data.colSeparator), data.colSeparator, SEP_Comma);
      sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(data.rowSeparator), data.rowSeparator, SEP_Row);
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-line")==0 ){
      data.mode = MODE_Line;
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-column")==0 ){
      data.mode = MODE_Column;
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-json")==0 ){
      data.mode = MODE_Json;
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-markdown")==0 ){
      data.mode = MODE_Markdown;
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-table")==0 ){
      data.mode = MODE_Table;
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-box")==0 ){
      data.mode = MODE_Box;
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-csv")==0 ){
      data.mode = MODE_Csv;
      memcpy(data.colSeparator,",",2);
#ifdef SQLITE_HAVE_ZLIB
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-zip")==0 ){
      data.openMode = SHELL_OPEN_ZIPFILE;
#endif
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-append")==0 ){
      data.openMode = SHELL_OPEN_APPENDVFS;
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DESERIALIZE
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-deserialize")==0 ){
      data.openMode = SHELL_OPEN_DESERIALIZE;
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-maxsize")==0 && i+1<argc ){
      data.szMax = integerValue(argv[++i]);
#endif
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-readonly")==0 ){
      data.openMode = SHELL_OPEN_READONLY;
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-nofollow")==0 ){
      data.openFlags |= SQLITE_OPEN_NOFOLLOW;
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-ascii")==0 ){
      data.mode = MODE_Ascii;
      sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(data.colSeparator), data.colSeparator, SEP_Unit);
      sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(data.rowSeparator), data.rowSeparator, SEP_Record);
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-tabs")==0 ){
      data.mode = MODE_List;
      sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(data.colSeparator), data.colSeparator, SEP_Tab);
      sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(data.rowSeparator), data.rowSeparator, SEP_Row);
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-separator")==0 ){
      sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(data.colSeparator), data.colSeparator,
                       "%s",cmdline_option_value(argc,argv,++i));
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-newline")==0 ){
      sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(data.rowSeparator), data.rowSeparator,
                       "%s",cmdline_option_value(argc,argv,++i));
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-nullvalue")==0 ){
      sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(data.nullValue), data.nullValue,
                       "%s",cmdline_option_value(argc,argv,++i));
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-header")==0 ){
      data.showHeader = 1;
      ShellSetFlag(&data, SHFLG_HeaderSet);
     }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-noheader")==0 ){
      data.showHeader = 0;
      ShellSetFlag(&data, SHFLG_HeaderSet);
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-echo")==0 ){
      ShellSetFlag(&data, SHFLG_Echo);
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-eqp")==0 ){
      data.autoEQP = AUTOEQP_on;
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-eqpfull")==0 ){
      data.autoEQP = AUTOEQP_full;
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-stats")==0 ){
      data.statsOn = 1;
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-scanstats")==0 ){
      data.scanstatsOn = 1;
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-backslash")==0 ){
      /* Undocumented command-line option: -backslash
      ** Causes C-style backslash escapes to be evaluated in SQL statements
      ** prior to sending the SQL into SQLite.  Useful for injecting
      ** crazy bytes in the middle of SQL statements for testing and debugging.
      */
      ShellSetFlag(&data, SHFLG_Backslash);
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-bail")==0 ){
      /* No-op.  The bail_on_error flag should already be set. */
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-version")==0 ){
      printf("%s %s\n", sqlite3_libversion(), sqlite3_sourceid());
      return 0;
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-interactive")==0 ){
      stdin_is_interactive = 1;
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-batch")==0 ){
      stdin_is_interactive = 0;
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-heap")==0 ){
      i++;
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-pagecache")==0 ){
      i+=2;
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-lookaside")==0 ){
      i+=2;
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-threadsafe")==0 ){
      i+=2;
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-nonce")==0 ){
      i += 2;
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-mmap")==0 ){
      i++;
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-memtrace")==0 ){
      i++;
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SORTER_REFERENCES
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-sorterref")==0 ){
      i++;
#endif
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-vfs")==0 ){
      i++;
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_VFSTRACE
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-vfstrace")==0 ){
      i++;
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MULTIPLEX
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-multiplex")==0 ){
      i++;
#endif
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-help")==0 ){
      usage(1);
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-cmd")==0 ){
      /* Run commands that follow -cmd first and separately from commands
      ** that simply appear on the command-line.  This seems goofy.  It would
      ** be better if all commands ran in the order that they appear.  But
      ** we retain the goofy behavior for historical compatibility. */
      if( i==argc-1 ) break;
      z = cmdline_option_value(argc,argv,++i);
      if( z[0]=='.' ){

          if( bail_on_error ) return rc!=0 ? rc : 1;
        }else if( rc!=0 ){
          utf8_printf(stderr,"Error: unable to process SQL \"%s\"\n", z);
          if( bail_on_error ) return rc;
        }
      }
#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE) && defined(SQLITE_HAVE_ZLIB)
    }else if( cli_strncmp(z, "-A", 2)==0 ){
      if( nCmd>0 ){
        utf8_printf(stderr, "Error: cannot mix regular SQL or dot-commands"
                            " with \"%s\"\n", z);
        return 1;
      }
      open_db(&data, OPEN_DB_ZIPFILE);
      if( z[2] ){
        argv[i] = &z[2];
        arDotCommand(&data, 1, argv+(i-1), argc-(i-1));
      }else{
        arDotCommand(&data, 1, argv+i, argc-i);
      }
      readStdin = 0;
      break;
#endif
    }else if( cli_strcmp(z,"-safe")==0 ){
      data.bSafeMode = data.bSafeModePersist = 1;
    }else{
      utf8_printf(stderr,"%s: Error: unknown option: %s\n", Argv0, z);
      raw_printf(stderr,"Use -help for a list of options.\n");
      return 1;
    }
    data.cMode = data.mode;

  return rc;
}


#ifdef SQLITE_SHELL_FIDDLE
/* Only for emcc experimentation purposes. */
int fiddle_experiment(int a,int b){
  return a + b;
}

/*
** Returns a pointer to the current DB handle.

*/

sqlite3 * fiddle_db_handle(){

  return globalDb;
}





/*
** Returns a pointer to the given DB name's VFS. If zDbName is 0 then
** "main" is assumed. Returns 0 if no db with the given name is
** open.
*/
sqlite3_vfs * fiddle_db_vfs(const char *zDbName){

  sqlite3_vfs * pVfs = 0;

  if(globalDb){
    sqlite3_file_control(globalDb, zDbName ? zDbName : "main",
                         SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER, &pVfs);
  }
  return pVfs;
}

/* Only for emcc experimentation purposes. */
sqlite3 * fiddle_db_arg(sqlite3 *arg){
    printf("fiddle_db_arg(%p)\n", (const void*)arg);
    return arg;
}

/*
** Intended to be called via a SharedWorker() while a separate
** SharedWorker() (which manages the wasm module) is performing work
** which should be interrupted. Unfortunately, SharedWorker is not
** portable enough to make real use of.
*/
void fiddle_interrupt(void){
  if( globalDb ) sqlite3_interrupt(globalDb);
}

/*
** Returns the filename of the given db name, assuming "main" if
** zDbName is NULL. Returns NULL if globalDb is not opened.
*/
const char * fiddle_db_filename(const char * zDbName){
    return globalDb
      ? sqlite3_db_filename(globalDb, zDbName ? zDbName : "main")
      : NULL;
}

/*


** Completely wipes out the contents of the currently-opened database

** but leaves its storage intact for reuse.
*/
void fiddle_reset_db(void){

  if( globalDb ){
    int rc = sqlite3_db_config(globalDb, SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE, 1, 0);
    if( 0==rc ) rc = sqlite3_exec(globalDb, "VACUUM", 0, 0, 0);
    sqlite3_db_config(globalDb, SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE, 0, 0);
  }
}

/*
** Uses the current database's VFS xRead to stream the db file's
** contents out to the given callback. The callback gets a single
** chunk of size n (its 2nd argument) on each call and must return 0
** on success, non-0 on error. This function returns 0 on success,
** SQLITE_NOTFOUND if no db is open, or propagates any other non-0
** code from the callback. Note that this is not thread-friendly: it
** expects that it will be the only thread reading the db file and
** takes no measures to ensure that is the case.
*/
int fiddle_export_db( int (*xCallback)(unsigned const char *zOut, int n) ){
  sqlite3_int64 nSize = 0;
  sqlite3_int64 nPos = 0;
  sqlite3_file * pFile = 0;


  unsigned char buf[1024 * 8];
  int nBuf = (int)sizeof(buf);
  int rc = shellState.db
    ? sqlite3_file_control(shellState.db, "main",
                           SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER, &pFile)
    : SQLITE_NOTFOUND;
  if( rc ) return rc;
  rc = pFile->pMethods->xFileSize(pFile, &nSize);
  if( rc ) return rc;
  if(nSize % nBuf){
    /* DB size is not an even multiple of the buffer size. Reduce
    ** buffer size so that we do not unduly inflate the db size when
    ** exporting. */
    if(0 == nSize % 4096) nBuf = 4096;
    else if(0 == nSize % 2048) nBuf = 2048;
    else if(0 == nSize % 1024) nBuf = 1024;
    else nBuf = 512;
  }

  for( ; 0==rc && nPos<nSize; nPos += nBuf ){
    rc = pFile->pMethods->xRead(pFile, buf, nBuf, nPos);
    if(SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ == rc){
      rc = (nPos + nBuf) < nSize ? rc : 0/*assume EOF*/;
    }
    if( 0==rc ) rc = xCallback(buf, nBuf);
  }
  return rc;
}

/*
** Trivial exportable function for emscripten. It processes zSql as if




** it were input to the sqlite3 shell and redirects all output to the
** wasm binding. fiddle_main() must have been called before this
** is called, or results are undefined.
*/
void fiddle_exec(const char * zSql){




























  if(zSql && *zSql){
    if('.'==*zSql) puts(zSql);
    shellState.wasm.zInput = zSql;
    shellState.wasm.zPos = zSql;
    process_input(&shellState);
    shellState.wasm.zInput = shellState.wasm.zPos = 0;
  }
}
#endif /* SQLITE_SHELL_FIDDLE */

**
** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
*/
#define SQLITE_VERSION        "3.40.0"
#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER 3040000
#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "2022-10-26 11:11:31 3dfdfb3f12edb3f4267942598efd05d573e13b7c5d6cdbc3404373f41b8993dd"

/*
** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version sqlite3_sourceid
**
** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros

#define SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC           0x00004000

/*
** CAPI3REF: File Locking Levels
**
** SQLite uses one of these integer values as the second
** argument to calls it makes to the xLock() and xUnlock() methods
** of an [sqlite3_io_methods] object.  These values are ordered from
** lest restrictive to most restrictive.
**
** The argument to xLock() is always SHARED or higher.  The argument to
** xUnlock is either SHARED or NONE.
*/
#define SQLITE_LOCK_NONE          0       /* xUnlock() only */
#define SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED        1       /* xLock() or xUnlock() */
#define SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED      2       /* xLock() only */
#define SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING       3       /* xLock() only */
#define SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE     4       /* xLock() only */

/*
** CAPI3REF: Synchronization Type Flags
**
** When SQLite invokes the xSync() method of an
** [sqlite3_io_methods] object it uses a combination of
** these integer values as the second argument.

** <ul>
** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE],
** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED],
** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or
** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE].
** </ul>
** xLock() upgrades the database file lock.  In other words, xLock() moves the
** database file lock in the direction NONE toward EXCLUSIVE. The argument to
** xLock() is always on of SHARED, RESERVED, PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE, never
** SQLITE_LOCK_NONE.  If the database file lock is already at or above the
** requested lock, then the call to xLock() is a no-op.
** xUnlock() downgrades the database file lock to either SHARED or NONE.
*  If the lock is already at or below the requested lock state, then the call
** to xUnlock() is a no-op.
** The xCheckReservedLock() method checks whether any database connection,
** either in this process or in some other process, is holding a RESERVED,
** PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE lock on the file.  It returns true
** if such a lock exists and false otherwise.
**
** The xFileControl() method is a generic interface that allows custom
** VFS implementations to directly control an open file using the

**
** <ul>
** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]]
** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
** opcode causes the xFileControl method to write the current state of
** the lock (one of [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE], [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
** [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED], [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE])
** into an integer that the pArg argument points to.
** This capability is only available if SQLite is compiled with [SQLITE_DEBUG].

**
** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT]]
** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT] opcode is used by SQLite to give the VFS
** layer a hint of how large the database file will grow to be during the
** current transaction.  This hint is not guaranteed to be accurate but it
** is often close.  The underlying VFS might choose to preallocate database
** file space based on this hint in order to help writes to the database

** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
** such a conversion is possible without loss of information (in other
** words, if the value is a string that looks like a number)
** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
**
** ^(The sqlite3_value_encoding(X) interface returns one of [SQLITE_UTF8],
** [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE] according to the current encoding
** of the value X, assuming that X has type TEXT.)^  If sqlite3_value_type(X)
** returns something other than SQLITE_TEXT, then the return value from
** sqlite3_value_encoding(X) is meaningless.  ^Calls to
** sqlite3_value_text(X), sqlite3_value_text16(X), sqlite3_value_text16be(X),
** sqlite3_value_text16le(X), sqlite3_value_bytes(X), or
** sqlite3_value_bytes16(X) might change the encoding of the value X and
** thus change the return from subsequent calls to sqlite3_value_encoding(X).
**
** ^Within the [xUpdate] method of a [virtual table], the
** sqlite3_value_nochange(X) interface returns true if and only if
** the column corresponding to X is unchanged by the UPDATE operation
** that the xUpdate method call was invoked to implement and if
** and the prior [xColumn] method call that was invoked to extracted
** the value for that column returned without setting a result (probably
** because it queried [sqlite3_vtab_nochange()] and found that the column

SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_nochange(sqlite3_value*);
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_frombind(sqlite3_value*);
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_encoding(sqlite3_value*);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Finding The Subtype Of SQL Values
** METHOD: sqlite3_value
**
** The sqlite3_value_subtype(V) function returns the subtype for
** an [application-defined SQL function] argument V.  The subtype

** an aggregate query, the xStep() callback of the aggregate function
** implementation is never called and xFinal() is called exactly once.
** In those cases, sqlite3_aggregate_context() might be called for the
** first time from within xFinal().)^
**
** ^The sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine returns a NULL pointer
** when first called if N is less than or equal to zero or if a memory
** allocation error occurs.
**
** ^(The amount of space allocated by sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) is
** determined by the N parameter on first successful call.  Changing the
** value of N in any subsequent call to sqlite3_aggregate_context() within
** the same aggregate function instance will not resize the memory
** allocation.)^  Within the xFinal callback, it is customary to set
** N=0 in calls to sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) so that no

#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_TEMPDIR SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1

/*
** Include the configuration header output by 'configure' if we're using the
** autoconf-based build
*/
#if defined(_HAVE_SQLITE_CONFIG_H) && !defined(SQLITECONFIG_H)
#include "sqlite_cfg.h"
#define SQLITECONFIG_H 1
#endif

/************** Include sqliteLimit.h in the middle of sqliteInt.h ***********/
/************** Begin file sqliteLimit.h *************************************/
/*
** 2007 May 7

typedef struct ExprList ExprList;
typedef struct FKey FKey;
typedef struct FuncDestructor FuncDestructor;
typedef struct FuncDef FuncDef;
typedef struct FuncDefHash FuncDefHash;
typedef struct IdList IdList;
typedef struct Index Index;
typedef struct IndexedExpr IndexedExpr;
typedef struct IndexSample IndexSample;
typedef struct KeyClass KeyClass;
typedef struct KeyInfo KeyInfo;
typedef struct Lookaside Lookaside;
typedef struct LookasideSlot LookasideSlot;
typedef struct Module Module;
typedef struct NameContext NameContext;

** A bit in a Bitmask
*/
#define MASKBIT(n)    (((Bitmask)1)<<(n))
#define MASKBIT64(n)  (((u64)1)<<(n))
#define MASKBIT32(n)  (((unsigned int)1)<<(n))
#define SMASKBIT32(n) ((n)<=31?((unsigned int)1)<<(n):0)
#define ALLBITS       ((Bitmask)-1)
#define TOPBIT        (((Bitmask)1)<<(BMS-1))

/* A VList object records a mapping between parameters/variables/wildcards
** in the SQL statement (such as $abc, @pqr, or :xyz) and the integer
** variable number associated with that parameter.  See the format description
** on the sqlite3VListAdd() routine for more information.  A VList is really
** just an array of integers.
*/
typedef int VList;

/*
** Defer sourcing vdbe.h and btree.h until after the "u8" and
** "BusyHandler" typedefs. vdbe.h also requires a few of the opaque
** pointer types (i.e. FuncDef) defined above.
*/
/************** Include os.h in the middle of sqliteInt.h ********************/
/************** Begin file os.h **********************************************/
/*
** 2001 September 16
**
** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
**
**    May you do good and not evil.
**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
******************************************************************************
**
** This header file (together with is companion C source-code file
** "os.c") attempt to abstract the underlying operating system so that
** the SQLite library will work on both POSIX and windows systems.
**
** This header file is #include-ed by sqliteInt.h and thus ends up
** being included by every source file.
*/
#ifndef _SQLITE_OS_H_
#define _SQLITE_OS_H_

/*
** Attempt to automatically detect the operating system and setup the
** necessary pre-processor macros for it.
*/
/************** Include os_setup.h in the middle of os.h *********************/
/************** Begin file os_setup.h ****************************************/
/*
** 2013 November 25
**
** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
**
**    May you do good and not evil.
**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
******************************************************************************
**
** This file contains pre-processor directives related to operating system
** detection and/or setup.
*/
#ifndef SQLITE_OS_SETUP_H
#define SQLITE_OS_SETUP_H

/*
** Figure out if we are dealing with Unix, Windows, or some other operating
** system.
**
** After the following block of preprocess macros, all of
**
**    SQLITE_OS_KV
**    SQLITE_OS_OTHER
**    SQLITE_OS_UNIX
**    SQLITE_OS_WIN
**
** will defined to either 1 or 0. One of them will be 1. The others will be 0.
** If none of the macros are initially defined, then select either
** SQLITE_OS_UNIX or SQLITE_OS_WIN depending on the target platform.
**
** If SQLITE_OS_OTHER=1 is specified at compile-time, then the application
** must provide its own VFS implementation together with sqlite3_os_init()
** and sqlite3_os_end() routines.
*/
#if !defined(SQLITE_OS_KV) && !defined(SQLITE_OS_OTHER) && \
       !defined(SQLITE_OS_UNIX) && !defined(SQLITE_OS_WIN)
#  if defined(_WIN32) || defined(WIN32) || defined(__CYGWIN__) || \
          defined(__MINGW32__) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
#    define SQLITE_OS_WIN 1
#    define SQLITE_OS_UNIX 0
#  else
#    define SQLITE_OS_WIN 0
#    define SQLITE_OS_UNIX 1
#  endif
#endif
#if SQLITE_OS_OTHER+1>1
#  undef SQLITE_OS_KV
#  define SQLITE_OS_KV 0
#  undef SQLITE_OS_UNIX
#  define SQLITE_OS_UNIX 0
#  undef SQLITE_OS_WIN
#  define SQLITE_OS_WIN 0
#endif
#if SQLITE_OS_KV+1>1
#  undef SQLITE_OS_OTHER
#  define SQLITE_OS_OTHER 0
#  undef SQLITE_OS_UNIX
#  define SQLITE_OS_UNIX 0
#  undef SQLITE_OS_WIN
#  define SQLITE_OS_WIN 0
#  define SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION 1
#  define SQLITE_OMIT_WAL 1
#  define SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED 1
#  undef SQLITE_TEMP_STORE
#  define SQLITE_TEMP_STORE 3  /* Always use memory for temporary storage */
#  define SQLITE_DQS 0
#  define SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE 1
#  define SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT 1
#endif
#if SQLITE_OS_UNIX+1>1
#  undef SQLITE_OS_KV
#  define SQLITE_OS_KV 0
#  undef SQLITE_OS_OTHER
#  define SQLITE_OS_OTHER 0
#  undef SQLITE_OS_WIN
#  define SQLITE_OS_WIN 0
#endif
#if SQLITE_OS_WIN+1>1
#  undef SQLITE_OS_KV
#  define SQLITE_OS_KV 0
#  undef SQLITE_OS_OTHER
#  define SQLITE_OS_OTHER 0
#  undef SQLITE_OS_UNIX
#  define SQLITE_OS_UNIX 0
#endif


#endif /* SQLITE_OS_SETUP_H */

/************** End of os_setup.h ********************************************/
/************** Continuing where we left off in os.h *************************/

/* If the SET_FULLSYNC macro is not defined above, then make it
** a no-op
*/
#ifndef SET_FULLSYNC
# define SET_FULLSYNC(x,y)
#endif

/* Maximum pathname length.  Note: FILENAME_MAX defined by stdio.h
*/
#ifndef SQLITE_MAX_PATHLEN
# define SQLITE_MAX_PATHLEN FILENAME_MAX
#endif

/* Maximum number of symlinks that will be resolved while trying to
** expand a filename in xFullPathname() in the VFS.
*/
#ifndef SQLITE_MAX_SYMLINK
# define SQLITE_MAX_SYMLINK 200
#endif

/*
** The default size of a disk sector
*/
#ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_SECTOR_SIZE
# define SQLITE_DEFAULT_SECTOR_SIZE 4096
#endif

/*
** Temporary files are named starting with this prefix followed by 16 random
** alphanumeric characters, and no file extension. They are stored in the
** OS's standard temporary file directory, and are deleted prior to exit.
** If sqlite is being embedded in another program, you may wish to change the
** prefix to reflect your program's name, so that if your program exits
** prematurely, old temporary files can be easily identified. This can be done
** using -DSQLITE_TEMP_FILE_PREFIX=myprefix_ on the compiler command line.
**
** 2006-10-31:  The default prefix used to be "sqlite_".  But then
** Mcafee started using SQLite in their anti-virus product and it
** started putting files with the "sqlite" name in the c:/temp folder.
** This annoyed many windows users.  Those users would then do a
** Google search for "sqlite", find the telephone numbers of the
** developers and call to wake them up at night and complain.
** For this reason, the default name prefix is changed to be "sqlite"
** spelled backwards.  So the temp files are still identified, but
** anybody smart enough to figure out the code is also likely smart
** enough to know that calling the developer will not help get rid
** of the file.
*/
#ifndef SQLITE_TEMP_FILE_PREFIX
# define SQLITE_TEMP_FILE_PREFIX "etilqs_"
#endif

/*
** The following values may be passed as the second argument to
** sqlite3OsLock(). The various locks exhibit the following semantics:
**
** SHARED:    Any number of processes may hold a SHARED lock simultaneously.
** RESERVED:  A single process may hold a RESERVED lock on a file at
**            any time. Other processes may hold and obtain new SHARED locks.
** PENDING:   A single process may hold a PENDING lock on a file at
**            any one time. Existing SHARED locks may persist, but no new
**            SHARED locks may be obtained by other processes.
** EXCLUSIVE: An EXCLUSIVE lock precludes all other locks.
**
** PENDING_LOCK may not be passed directly to sqlite3OsLock(). Instead, a
** process that requests an EXCLUSIVE lock may actually obtain a PENDING
** lock. This can be upgraded to an EXCLUSIVE lock by a subsequent call to
** sqlite3OsLock().
*/
#define NO_LOCK         0
#define SHARED_LOCK     1
#define RESERVED_LOCK   2
#define PENDING_LOCK    3
#define EXCLUSIVE_LOCK  4

/*
** File Locking Notes:  (Mostly about windows but also some info for Unix)
**
** We cannot use LockFileEx() or UnlockFileEx() on Win95/98/ME because
** those functions are not available.  So we use only LockFile() and
** UnlockFile().
**
** LockFile() prevents not just writing but also reading by other processes.
** A SHARED_LOCK is obtained by locking a single randomly-chosen
** byte out of a specific range of bytes. The lock byte is obtained at
** random so two separate readers can probably access the file at the
** same time, unless they are unlucky and choose the same lock byte.
** An EXCLUSIVE_LOCK is obtained by locking all bytes in the range.
** There can only be one writer.  A RESERVED_LOCK is obtained by locking
** a single byte of the file that is designated as the reserved lock byte.
** A PENDING_LOCK is obtained by locking a designated byte different from
** the RESERVED_LOCK byte.
**
** On WinNT/2K/XP systems, LockFileEx() and UnlockFileEx() are available,
** which means we can use reader/writer locks.  When reader/writer locks
** are used, the lock is placed on the same range of bytes that is used
** for probabilistic locking in Win95/98/ME.  Hence, the locking scheme
** will support two or more Win95 readers or two or more WinNT readers.
** But a single Win95 reader will lock out all WinNT readers and a single
** WinNT reader will lock out all other Win95 readers.
**
** The following #defines specify the range of bytes used for locking.
** SHARED_SIZE is the number of bytes available in the pool from which
** a random byte is selected for a shared lock.  The pool of bytes for
** shared locks begins at SHARED_FIRST.
**
** The same locking strategy and
** byte ranges are used for Unix.  This leaves open the possibility of having
** clients on win95, winNT, and unix all talking to the same shared file
** and all locking correctly.  To do so would require that samba (or whatever
** tool is being used for file sharing) implements locks correctly between
** windows and unix.  I'm guessing that isn't likely to happen, but by
** using the same locking range we are at least open to the possibility.
**
** Locking in windows is manditory.  For this reason, we cannot store
** actual data in the bytes used for locking.  The pager never allocates
** the pages involved in locking therefore.  SHARED_SIZE is selected so
** that all locks will fit on a single page even at the minimum page size.
** PENDING_BYTE defines the beginning of the locks.  By default PENDING_BYTE
** is set high so that we don't have to allocate an unused page except
** for very large databases.  But one should test the page skipping logic
** by setting PENDING_BYTE low and running the entire regression suite.
**
** Changing the value of PENDING_BYTE results in a subtly incompatible
** file format.  Depending on how it is changed, you might not notice
** the incompatibility right away, even running a full regression test.
** The default location of PENDING_BYTE is the first byte past the
** 1GB boundary.
**
*/
#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_WSD
# define PENDING_BYTE     (0x40000000)
#else
# define PENDING_BYTE      sqlite3PendingByte
#endif
#define RESERVED_BYTE     (PENDING_BYTE+1)
#define SHARED_FIRST      (PENDING_BYTE+2)
#define SHARED_SIZE       510

/*
** Wrapper around OS specific sqlite3_os_init() function.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsInit(void);

/*
** Functions for accessing sqlite3_file methods
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3OsClose(sqlite3_file*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsRead(sqlite3_file*, void*, int amt, i64 offset);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsWrite(sqlite3_file*, const void*, int amt, i64 offset);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsTruncate(sqlite3_file*, i64 size);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsSync(sqlite3_file*, int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsFileSize(sqlite3_file*, i64 *pSize);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsLock(sqlite3_file*, int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsUnlock(sqlite3_file*, int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsCheckReservedLock(sqlite3_file *id, int *pResOut);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsFileControl(sqlite3_file*,int,void*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3OsFileControlHint(sqlite3_file*,int,void*);
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_DB_UNCHANGED 0xca093fa0
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsSectorSize(sqlite3_file *id);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsDeviceCharacteristics(sqlite3_file *id);
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsShmMap(sqlite3_file *,int,int,int,void volatile **);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsShmLock(sqlite3_file *id, int, int, int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3OsShmBarrier(sqlite3_file *id);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsShmUnmap(sqlite3_file *id, int);
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_WAL */
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsFetch(sqlite3_file *id, i64, int, void **);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsUnfetch(sqlite3_file *, i64, void *);


/*
** Functions for accessing sqlite3_vfs methods
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsOpen(sqlite3_vfs *, const char *, sqlite3_file*, int, int *);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsDelete(sqlite3_vfs *, const char *, int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsAccess(sqlite3_vfs *, const char *, int, int *pResOut);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsFullPathname(sqlite3_vfs *, const char *, int, char *);
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3OsDlOpen(sqlite3_vfs *, const char *);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3OsDlError(sqlite3_vfs *, int, char *);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void (*sqlite3OsDlSym(sqlite3_vfs *, void *, const char *))(void);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3OsDlClose(sqlite3_vfs *, void *);
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION */
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsRandomness(sqlite3_vfs *, int, char *);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsSleep(sqlite3_vfs *, int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsGetLastError(sqlite3_vfs*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsCurrentTimeInt64(sqlite3_vfs *, sqlite3_int64*);

/*
** Convenience functions for opening and closing files using
** sqlite3_malloc() to obtain space for the file-handle structure.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsOpenMalloc(sqlite3_vfs *, const char *, sqlite3_file **, int,int*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3OsCloseFree(sqlite3_file *);

#endif /* _SQLITE_OS_H_ */

/************** End of os.h **************************************************/
/************** Continuing where we left off in sqliteInt.h ******************/
/************** Include pager.h in the middle of sqliteInt.h *****************/
/************** Begin file pager.h *******************************************/
/*
** 2001 September 15
**
** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
** a legal notice, here is a blessing:

#define OP_InitCoroutine  11 /* jump                                       */
#define OP_Yield          12 /* jump                                       */
#define OP_MustBeInt      13 /* jump                                       */
#define OP_Jump           14 /* jump                                       */
#define OP_Once           15 /* jump                                       */
#define OP_If             16 /* jump                                       */
#define OP_IfNot          17 /* jump                                       */
#define OP_IsType         18 /* jump, synopsis: if typeof(P1.P3) in P5 goto P2 */
#define OP_Not            19 /* same as TK_NOT, synopsis: r[P2]= !r[P1]    */
#define OP_IfNullRow      20 /* jump, synopsis: if P1.nullRow then r[P3]=NULL, goto P2 */
#define OP_SeekLT         21 /* jump, synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]               */
#define OP_SeekLE         22 /* jump, synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]               */
#define OP_SeekGE         23 /* jump, synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]               */
#define OP_SeekGT         24 /* jump, synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]               */
#define OP_IfNotOpen      25 /* jump, synopsis: if( !csr[P1] ) goto P2     */

#define OPFLG_IN2         0x04  /* in2:   P2 is an input */
#define OPFLG_IN3         0x08  /* in3:   P3 is an input */
#define OPFLG_OUT2        0x10  /* out2:  P2 is an output */
#define OPFLG_OUT3        0x20  /* out3:  P3 is an output */
#define OPFLG_INITIALIZER {\
/*   0 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00,\
/*   8 */ 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x03, 0x03, 0x01, 0x01,\
/*  16 */ 0x03, 0x03, 0x01, 0x12, 0x01, 0x09, 0x09, 0x09,\
/*  24 */ 0x09, 0x01, 0x09, 0x09, 0x09, 0x09, 0x09, 0x09,\
/*  32 */ 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01,\
/*  40 */ 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x26, 0x26, 0x01, 0x23, 0x0b,\
/*  48 */ 0x01, 0x01, 0x03, 0x03, 0x0b, 0x0b, 0x0b, 0x0b,\
/*  56 */ 0x0b, 0x0b, 0x01, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x01, 0x01,\
/*  64 */ 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x02, 0x08, 0x00, 0x10,\
/*  72 */ 0x10, 0x10, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x10, 0x10, 0x00,\

#endif
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeAddParseSchemaOp(Vdbe*, int, char*, u16);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeChangeOpcode(Vdbe*, int addr, u8);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeChangeP1(Vdbe*, int addr, int P1);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeChangeP2(Vdbe*, int addr, int P2);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeChangeP3(Vdbe*, int addr, int P3);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(Vdbe*, u16 P5);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeTypeofColumn(Vdbe*, int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(Vdbe*, int addr);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeJumpHereOrPopInst(Vdbe*, int addr);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeChangeToNoop(Vdbe*, int addr);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeDeletePriorOpcode(Vdbe*, u8 op);
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3VdbeReleaseRegisters(Parse*,int addr, int n, u32 mask, int);
#else

#ifdef SQLITE_DIRECT_OVERFLOW_READ
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PCacheIsDirty(PCache *pCache);
#endif

#endif /* _PCACHE_H_ */

/************** End of pcache.h **********************************************/



































































































































































































































































































/************** Continuing where we left off in sqliteInt.h ******************/
/************** Include mutex.h in the middle of sqliteInt.h *****************/
/************** Begin file mutex.h *******************************************/
/*
** 2007 August 28
**
** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of

   /* TH3 expects this value  ^^^^^^^^^^ to be 0x40000. Coordinate any change */
#define SQLITE_BloomFilter    0x00080000 /* Use a Bloom filter on searches */
#define SQLITE_BloomPulldown  0x00100000 /* Run Bloom filters early */
#define SQLITE_BalancedMerge  0x00200000 /* Balance multi-way merges */
#define SQLITE_ReleaseReg     0x00400000 /* Use OP_ReleaseReg for testing */
#define SQLITE_FlttnUnionAll  0x00800000 /* Disable the UNION ALL flattener */
   /* TH3 expects this value  ^^^^^^^^^^ See flatten04.test */
#define SQLITE_IndexedExpr    0x01000000 /* Pull exprs from index when able */
#define SQLITE_AllOpts        0xffffffff /* All optimizations */

/*
** Macros for testing whether or not optimizations are enabled or disabled.
*/
#define OptimizationDisabled(db, mask)  (((db)->dbOptFlags&(mask))!=0)
#define OptimizationEnabled(db, mask)   (((db)->dbOptFlags&(mask))==0)

** Test to see whether or not a table is a virtual table.  This is
** done as a macro so that it will be optimized out when virtual
** table support is omitted from the build.
*/
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
#  define IsVirtual(X)      ((X)->eTabType==TABTYP_VTAB)
#  define ExprIsVtab(X)  \
   ((X)->op==TK_COLUMN && (X)->y.pTab->eTabType==TABTYP_VTAB)
#else
#  define IsVirtual(X)      0
#  define ExprIsVtab(X)     0
#endif

/*
** Macros to determine if a column is hidden.  IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn()

** first column to be indexed (c3) has an index of 2 in Ex1.aCol[].
** The second column to be indexed (c1) has an index of 0 in
** Ex1.aCol[], hence Ex2.aiColumn[1]==0.
**
** The Index.onError field determines whether or not the indexed columns
** must be unique and what to do if they are not.  When Index.onError=OE_None,
** it means this is not a unique index.  Otherwise it is a unique index
** and the value of Index.onError indicates which conflict resolution
** algorithm to employ when an attempt is made to insert a non-unique
** element.
**
** The colNotIdxed bitmask is used in combination with SrcItem.colUsed
** for a fast test to see if an index can serve as a covering index.
** colNotIdxed has a 1 bit for every column of the original table that
** is *not* available in the index.  Thus the expression
** "colUsed & colNotIdxed" will be non-zero if the index is not a
** covering index.  The most significant bit of of colNotIdxed will always
** be true (note-20221022-a).  If a column beyond the 63rd column of the
** table is used, the "colUsed & colNotIdxed" test will always be non-zero
** and we have to assume either that the index is not covering, or use
** an alternative (slower) algorithm to determine whether or not
** the index is covering.
**
** While parsing a CREATE TABLE or CREATE INDEX statement in order to
** generate VDBE code (as opposed to parsing one read from an sqlite_schema
** table as part of parsing an existing database schema), transient instances
** of this structure may be created. In this case the Index.tnum variable is
** used to store the address of a VDBE instruction, not a database page
** number (it cannot - the database page is not allocated until the VDBE

  unsigned isResized:1;    /* True if resizeIndexObject() has been called */
  unsigned isCovering:1;   /* True if this is a covering index */
  unsigned noSkipScan:1;   /* Do not try to use skip-scan if true */
  unsigned hasStat1:1;     /* aiRowLogEst values come from sqlite_stat1 */
  unsigned bNoQuery:1;     /* Do not use this index to optimize queries */
  unsigned bAscKeyBug:1;   /* True if the bba7b69f9849b5bf bug applies */
  unsigned bHasVCol:1;     /* Index references one or more VIRTUAL columns */
  unsigned bHasExpr:1;     /* Index contains an expression, either a literal
                           ** expression, or a reference to a VIRTUAL column */
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
  int nSample;             /* Number of elements in aSample[] */
  int nSampleCol;          /* Size of IndexSample.anEq[] and so on */
  tRowcnt *aAvgEq;         /* Average nEq values for keys not in aSample */
  IndexSample *aSample;    /* Samples of the left-most key */
  tRowcnt *aiRowEst;       /* Non-logarithmic stat1 data for this index */
  tRowcnt nRowEst0;        /* Non-logarithmic number of rows in the index */
#endif
  Bitmask colNotIdxed;     /* Unindexed columns in pTab */
};

/*
** Allowed values for Index.idxType
*/
#define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_APPDEF      0   /* Created using CREATE INDEX */
#define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_UNIQUE      1   /* Implements a UNIQUE constraint */

#define EU4_IDX    1   /* Uses IdList.a.u4.idx */
#define EU4_EXPR   2   /* Uses IdList.a.u4.pExpr -- NOT CURRENTLY USED */

/*
** The SrcItem object represents a single term in the FROM clause of a query.
** The SrcList object is mostly an array of SrcItems.
**
** The jointype starts out showing the join type between the current table
** and the next table on the list.  The parser builds the list this way.
** But sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType() later shifts the jointypes so that each
** jointype expresses the join between the table and the previous table.
**
** In the colUsed field, the high-order bit (bit 63) is set if the table
** contains more than 63 columns and the 64-th or later column is used.
**
** Union member validity:
**
**    u1.zIndexedBy          fg.isIndexedBy && !fg.isTabFunc
**    u1.pFuncArg            fg.isTabFunc   && !fg.isIndexedBy
**    u2.pIBIndex            fg.isIndexedBy && !fg.isCte
**    u2.pCteUse             fg.isCte       && !fg.isIndexedBy
*/

    unsigned isNestedFrom :1;  /* pSelect is a SF_NestedFrom subquery */
  } fg;
  int iCursor;      /* The VDBE cursor number used to access this table */
  union {
    Expr *pOn;        /* fg.isUsing==0 =>  The ON clause of a join */
    IdList *pUsing;   /* fg.isUsing==1 =>  The USING clause of a join */
  } u3;
  Bitmask colUsed;  /* Bit N set if column N used. Details above for N>62 */
  union {
    char *zIndexedBy;    /* Identifier from "INDEXED BY <zIndex>" clause */
    ExprList *pFuncArg;  /* Arguments to table-valued-function */
  } u1;
  union {
    Index *pIBIndex;  /* Index structure corresponding to u1.zIndexedBy */
    CteUse *pCteUse;  /* CTE Usage info when fg.isCte is true */
  } u2;
};

/*
** The OnOrUsing object represents either an ON clause or a USING clause.
** It can never be both at the same time, but it can be neither.
*/
struct OnOrUsing {
  Expr *pOn;         /* The ON clause of a join */
  IdList *pUsing;    /* The USING clause of a join */
};

/*
** This object represents one or more tables that are the source of
** content for an SQL statement.  For example, a single SrcList object
** is used to hold the FROM clause of a SELECT statement.  SrcList also





** represents the target tables for DELETE, INSERT, and UPDATE statements.


**







*/
struct SrcList {
  int nSrc;        /* Number of tables or subqueries in the FROM clause */
  u32 nAlloc;      /* Number of entries allocated in a[] below */
  SrcItem a[1];    /* One entry for each identifier on the list */
};

# define DbMaskTest(M,I)    (((M)&(((yDbMask)1)<<(I)))!=0)
# define DbMaskZero(M)      (M)=0
# define DbMaskSet(M,I)     (M)|=(((yDbMask)1)<<(I))
# define DbMaskAllZero(M)   (M)==0
# define DbMaskNonZero(M)   (M)!=0
#endif

/*
** For each index X that has as one of its arguments either an expression
** or the name of a virtual generated column, and if X is in scope such that
** the value of the expression can simply be read from the index, then
** there is an instance of this object on the Parse.pIdxExpr list.
**
** During code generation, while generating code to evaluate expressions,
** this list is consulted and if a matching expression is found, the value
** is read from the index rather than being recomputed.
*/
struct IndexedExpr {
  Expr *pExpr;            /* The expression contained in the index */
  int iDataCur;           /* The data cursor associated with the index */
  int iIdxCur;            /* The index cursor */
  int iIdxCol;            /* The index column that contains value of pExpr */
  u8 bMaybeNullRow;       /* True if we need an OP_IfNullRow check */
  IndexedExpr *pIENext;   /* Next in a list of all indexed expressions */
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS
  const char *zIdxName;   /* Name of index, used only for bytecode comments */
#endif
};

/*
** An instance of the ParseCleanup object specifies an operation that
** should be performed after parsing to deallocation resources obtained
** during the parse and which are no longer needed.
*/
struct ParseCleanup {
  ParseCleanup *pNext;               /* Next cleanup task */

  u8 nested;           /* Number of nested calls to the parser/code generator */
  u8 nTempReg;         /* Number of temporary registers in aTempReg[] */
  u8 isMultiWrite;     /* True if statement may modify/insert multiple rows */
  u8 mayAbort;         /* True if statement may throw an ABORT exception */
  u8 hasCompound;      /* Need to invoke convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
  u8 okConstFactor;    /* OK to factor out constants */
  u8 disableLookaside; /* Number of times lookaside has been disabled */
  u8 prepFlags;        /* SQLITE_PREPARE_* flags */
  u8 withinRJSubrtn;   /* Nesting level for RIGHT JOIN body subroutines */
#if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST)
  u8 earlyCleanup;     /* OOM inside sqlite3ParserAddCleanup() */
#endif
  int nRangeReg;       /* Size of the temporary register block */
  int iRangeReg;       /* First register in temporary register block */
  int nErr;            /* Number of errors seen */
  int nTab;            /* Number of previously allocated VDBE cursors */
  int nMem;            /* Number of memory cells used so far */
  int szOpAlloc;       /* Bytes of memory space allocated for Vdbe.aOp[] */
  int iSelfTab;        /* Table associated with an index on expr, or negative
                       ** of the base register during check-constraint eval */
  int nLabel;          /* The *negative* of the number of labels used */
  int nLabelAlloc;     /* Number of slots in aLabel */
  int *aLabel;         /* Space to hold the labels */
  ExprList *pConstExpr;/* Constant expressions */
  IndexedExpr *pIdxExpr;/* List of expressions used by active indexes */
  Token constraintName;/* Name of the constraint currently being parsed */
  yDbMask writeMask;   /* Start a write transaction on these databases */
  yDbMask cookieMask;  /* Bitmask of schema verified databases */
  int regRowid;        /* Register holding rowid of CREATE TABLE entry */
  int regRoot;         /* Register holding root page number for new objects */
  int nMaxArg;         /* Max args passed to user function by sub-program */
  int nSelect;         /* Number of SELECT stmts. Counter for Select.selId */

    int n;                                    /* A counter */
    int iCur;                                 /* A cursor number */
    SrcList *pSrcList;                        /* FROM clause */
    struct CCurHint *pCCurHint;               /* Used by codeCursorHint() */
    struct RefSrcList *pRefSrcList;           /* sqlite3ReferencesSrcList() */
    int *aiCol;                               /* array of column indexes */
    struct IdxCover *pIdxCover;               /* Check for index coverage */

    ExprList *pGroupBy;                       /* GROUP BY clause */
    Select *pSelect;                          /* HAVING to WHERE clause ctx */
    struct WindowRewrite *pRewrite;           /* Window rewrite context */
    struct WhereConst *pConst;                /* WHERE clause constants */
    struct RenameCtx *pRename;                /* RENAME COLUMN context */
    struct Table *pTab;                       /* Table of generated column */
    struct CoveringIndexCheck *pCovIdxCk;     /* Check for covering index */
    SrcItem *pSrcItem;                        /* A single FROM clause item */
    DbFixer *pFix;                            /* See sqlite3FixSelect() */
  } u;
};

/*
** The following structure contains information used by the sqliteFix...
** routines as they walk the parse tree to make database references
** explicit.

** obtain space from malloc().
**
** The alloca() routine never returns NULL.  This will cause code paths
** that deal with sqlite3StackAlloc() failures to be unreachable.
*/
#ifdef SQLITE_USE_ALLOCA
# define sqlite3StackAllocRaw(D,N)   alloca(N)
# define sqlite3StackAllocRawNN(D,N) alloca(N)
# define sqlite3StackAllocZero(D,N)  memset(alloca(N), 0, N)
# define sqlite3StackFree(D,P)
# define sqlite3StackFreeNN(D,P)
#else
# define sqlite3StackAllocRaw(D,N)   sqlite3DbMallocRaw(D,N)
# define sqlite3StackAllocRawNN(D,N) sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(D,N)
# define sqlite3StackAllocZero(D,N)  sqlite3DbMallocZero(D,N)
# define sqlite3StackFree(D,P)       sqlite3DbFree(D,P)
# define sqlite3StackFreeNN(D,P)     sqlite3DbFreeNN(D,P)
#endif

/* Do not allow both MEMSYS5 and MEMSYS3 to be defined together.  If they
** are, disable MEMSYS3
*/
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5
SQLITE_PRIVATE const sqlite3_mem_methods *sqlite3MemGetMemsys5(void);

SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ValueFromExpr(sqlite3 *, const Expr *, u8, u8, sqlite3_value **);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ValueApplyAffinity(sqlite3_value *, u8, u8);
#ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
SQLITE_PRIVATE const unsigned char sqlite3OpcodeProperty[];
SQLITE_PRIVATE const char sqlite3StrBINARY[];
SQLITE_PRIVATE const unsigned char sqlite3StdTypeLen[];
SQLITE_PRIVATE const char sqlite3StdTypeAffinity[];

SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3StdType[];
SQLITE_PRIVATE const unsigned char sqlite3UpperToLower[];
SQLITE_PRIVATE const unsigned char *sqlite3aLTb;
SQLITE_PRIVATE const unsigned char *sqlite3aEQb;
SQLITE_PRIVATE const unsigned char *sqlite3aGTb;
SQLITE_PRIVATE const unsigned char sqlite3CtypeMap[];
SQLITE_PRIVATE SQLITE_WSD struct Sqlite3Config sqlite3Config;

SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3VectorFieldSubexpr(Expr*, int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3ExprForVectorField(Parse*,Expr*,int,int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VectorErrorMsg(Parse*, Expr*);

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
SQLITE_PRIVATE const char **sqlite3CompileOptions(int *pnOpt);
#endif

#if SQLITE_OS_UNIX && defined(SQLITE_OS_KV_OPTIONAL)
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3KvvfsInit(void);
#endif

#endif /* SQLITEINT_H */

/************** End of sqliteInt.h *******************************************/
/************** Begin file os_common.h ***************************************/
/*
** 2004 May 22

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS /* IMP: R-16824-07538 */

/*
** Include the configuration header output by 'configure' if we're using the
** autoconf-based build
*/
#if defined(_HAVE_SQLITE_CONFIG_H) && !defined(SQLITECONFIG_H)
/* #include "sqlite_cfg.h" */
#define SQLITECONFIG_H 1
#endif

/* These macros are provided to "stringify" the value of the define
** for those options in which the value is meaningful. */
#define CTIMEOPT_VAL_(opt) #opt
#define CTIMEOPT_VAL(opt) CTIMEOPT_VAL_(opt)

#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_DISABLE_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW_STATS
  "DISABLE_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW_STATS",
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_DISABLE_SKIPAHEAD_DISTINCT
  "DISABLE_SKIPAHEAD_DISTINCT",
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_DQS
  "DQS=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_DQS),
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_8_3_NAMES
  "ENABLE_8_3_NAMES=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_ENABLE_8_3_NAMES),
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
  "ENABLE_API_ARMOR",
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_ATOMIC_WRITE

**    sqlite3StdType[]            The actual names of the datatypes.
**
**    sqlite3StdTypeLen[]         The length (in bytes) of each entry
**                                in sqlite3StdType[].
**
**    sqlite3StdTypeAffinity[]    The affinity associated with each entry
**                                in sqlite3StdType[].




*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE const unsigned char sqlite3StdTypeLen[] = { 3, 4, 3, 7, 4, 4 };
SQLITE_PRIVATE const char sqlite3StdTypeAffinity[] = {
  SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC,
  SQLITE_AFF_BLOB,
  SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER,
  SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER,
  SQLITE_AFF_REAL,
  SQLITE_AFF_TEXT
};








SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3StdType[] = {
  "ANY",
  "BLOB",
  "INT",
  "INTEGER",
  "REAL",
  "TEXT"

}
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsFileSize(sqlite3_file *id, i64 *pSize){
  DO_OS_MALLOC_TEST(id);
  return id->pMethods->xFileSize(id, pSize);
}
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsLock(sqlite3_file *id, int lockType){
  DO_OS_MALLOC_TEST(id);
  assert( lockType>=SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED && lockType<=SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE );
  return id->pMethods->xLock(id, lockType);
}
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsUnlock(sqlite3_file *id, int lockType){
  assert( lockType==SQLITE_LOCK_NONE || lockType==SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED );
  return id->pMethods->xUnlock(id, lockType);
}
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsCheckReservedLock(sqlite3_file *id, int *pResOut){
  DO_OS_MALLOC_TEST(id);
  return id->pMethods->xCheckReservedLock(id, pResOut);
}

    /*  11 */ "InitCoroutine"    OpHelp(""),
    /*  12 */ "Yield"            OpHelp(""),
    /*  13 */ "MustBeInt"        OpHelp(""),
    /*  14 */ "Jump"             OpHelp(""),
    /*  15 */ "Once"             OpHelp(""),
    /*  16 */ "If"               OpHelp(""),
    /*  17 */ "IfNot"            OpHelp(""),
    /*  18 */ "IsType"           OpHelp("if typeof(P1.P3) in P5 goto P2"),
    /*  19 */ "Not"              OpHelp("r[P2]= !r[P1]"),
    /*  20 */ "IfNullRow"        OpHelp("if P1.nullRow then r[P3]=NULL, goto P2"),
    /*  21 */ "SeekLT"           OpHelp("key=r[P3@P4]"),
    /*  22 */ "SeekLE"           OpHelp("key=r[P3@P4]"),
    /*  23 */ "SeekGE"           OpHelp("key=r[P3@P4]"),
    /*  24 */ "SeekGT"           OpHelp("key=r[P3@P4]"),
    /*  25 */ "IfNotOpen"        OpHelp("if( !csr[P1] ) goto P2"),

    /* 186 */ "Abortable"        OpHelp(""),
  };
  return azName[i];
}
#endif

/************** End of opcodes.c *********************************************/
/************** Begin file os_kv.c *******************************************/
/*
** 2022-09-06
**
** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
**
**    May you do good and not evil.
**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
******************************************************************************
**
** This file contains an experimental VFS layer that operates on a
** Key/Value storage engine where both keys and values must be pure
** text.
*/
/* #include <sqliteInt.h> */
#if SQLITE_OS_KV || (SQLITE_OS_UNIX && defined(SQLITE_OS_KV_OPTIONAL))

/*****************************************************************************
** Debugging logic
*/

/* SQLITE_KV_TRACE() is used for tracing calls to kvstorage routines. */
#if 0
#define SQLITE_KV_TRACE(X)  printf X
#else
#define SQLITE_KV_TRACE(X)
#endif

/* SQLITE_KV_LOG() is used for tracing calls to the VFS interface */
#if 0
#define SQLITE_KV_LOG(X)  printf X
#else
#define SQLITE_KV_LOG(X)
#endif


/*
** Forward declaration of objects used by this VFS implementation
*/
typedef struct KVVfsFile KVVfsFile;

/* A single open file.  There are only two files represented by this
** VFS - the database and the rollback journal.
*/
struct KVVfsFile {
  sqlite3_file base;              /* IO methods */
  const char *zClass;             /* Storage class */
  int isJournal;                  /* True if this is a journal file */
  unsigned int nJrnl;             /* Space allocated for aJrnl[] */
  char *aJrnl;                    /* Journal content */
  int szPage;                     /* Last known page size */
  sqlite3_int64 szDb;             /* Database file size.  -1 means unknown */
};

/*
** Methods for KVVfsFile
*/
static int kvvfsClose(sqlite3_file*);
static int kvvfsReadDb(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
static int kvvfsReadJrnl(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
static int kvvfsWriteDb(sqlite3_file*,const void*,int iAmt, sqlite3_int64);
static int kvvfsWriteJrnl(sqlite3_file*,const void*,int iAmt, sqlite3_int64);
static int kvvfsTruncateDb(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 size);
static int kvvfsTruncateJrnl(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 size);
static int kvvfsSyncDb(sqlite3_file*, int flags);
static int kvvfsSyncJrnl(sqlite3_file*, int flags);
static int kvvfsFileSizeDb(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);
static int kvvfsFileSizeJrnl(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);
static int kvvfsLock(sqlite3_file*, int);
static int kvvfsUnlock(sqlite3_file*, int);
static int kvvfsCheckReservedLock(sqlite3_file*, int *pResOut);
static int kvvfsFileControlDb(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);
static int kvvfsFileControlJrnl(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);
static int kvvfsSectorSize(sqlite3_file*);
static int kvvfsDeviceCharacteristics(sqlite3_file*);

/*
** Methods for sqlite3_vfs
*/
static int kvvfsOpen(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *, sqlite3_file*, int , int *);
static int kvvfsDelete(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int syncDir);
static int kvvfsAccess(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int flags, int *);
static int kvvfsFullPathname(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int, char *zOut);
static void *kvvfsDlOpen(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zFilename);
static int kvvfsRandomness(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zOut);
static int kvvfsSleep(sqlite3_vfs*, int microseconds);
static int kvvfsCurrentTime(sqlite3_vfs*, double*);
static int kvvfsCurrentTimeInt64(sqlite3_vfs*, sqlite3_int64*);

static sqlite3_vfs sqlite3OsKvvfsObject = {
  1,                              /* iVersion */
  sizeof(KVVfsFile),              /* szOsFile */
  1024,                           /* mxPathname */
  0,                              /* pNext */
  "kvvfs",                        /* zName */
  0,                              /* pAppData */
  kvvfsOpen,                      /* xOpen */
  kvvfsDelete,                    /* xDelete */
  kvvfsAccess,                    /* xAccess */
  kvvfsFullPathname,              /* xFullPathname */
  kvvfsDlOpen,                    /* xDlOpen */
  0,                              /* xDlError */
  0,                              /* xDlSym */
  0,                              /* xDlClose */
  kvvfsRandomness,                /* xRandomness */
  kvvfsSleep,                     /* xSleep */
  kvvfsCurrentTime,               /* xCurrentTime */
  0,                              /* xGetLastError */
  kvvfsCurrentTimeInt64           /* xCurrentTimeInt64 */
};

/* Methods for sqlite3_file objects referencing a database file
*/
static sqlite3_io_methods kvvfs_db_io_methods = {
  1,                              /* iVersion */
  kvvfsClose,                     /* xClose */
  kvvfsReadDb,                    /* xRead */
  kvvfsWriteDb,                   /* xWrite */
  kvvfsTruncateDb,                /* xTruncate */
  kvvfsSyncDb,                    /* xSync */
  kvvfsFileSizeDb,                /* xFileSize */
  kvvfsLock,                      /* xLock */
  kvvfsUnlock,                    /* xUnlock */
  kvvfsCheckReservedLock,         /* xCheckReservedLock */
  kvvfsFileControlDb,             /* xFileControl */
  kvvfsSectorSize,                /* xSectorSize */
  kvvfsDeviceCharacteristics,     /* xDeviceCharacteristics */
  0,                              /* xShmMap */
  0,                              /* xShmLock */
  0,                              /* xShmBarrier */
  0,                              /* xShmUnmap */
  0,                              /* xFetch */
  0                               /* xUnfetch */
};

/* Methods for sqlite3_file objects referencing a rollback journal
*/
static sqlite3_io_methods kvvfs_jrnl_io_methods = {
  1,                              /* iVersion */
  kvvfsClose,                     /* xClose */
  kvvfsReadJrnl,                  /* xRead */
  kvvfsWriteJrnl,                 /* xWrite */
  kvvfsTruncateJrnl,              /* xTruncate */
  kvvfsSyncJrnl,                  /* xSync */
  kvvfsFileSizeJrnl,              /* xFileSize */
  kvvfsLock,                      /* xLock */
  kvvfsUnlock,                    /* xUnlock */
  kvvfsCheckReservedLock,         /* xCheckReservedLock */
  kvvfsFileControlJrnl,           /* xFileControl */
  kvvfsSectorSize,                /* xSectorSize */
  kvvfsDeviceCharacteristics,     /* xDeviceCharacteristics */
  0,                              /* xShmMap */
  0,                              /* xShmLock */
  0,                              /* xShmBarrier */
  0,                              /* xShmUnmap */
  0,                              /* xFetch */
  0                               /* xUnfetch */
};

/****** Storage subsystem **************************************************/
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <unistd.h>

/* Forward declarations for the low-level storage engine
*/
static int kvstorageWrite(const char*, const char *zKey, const char *zData);
static int kvstorageDelete(const char*, const char *zKey);
static int kvstorageRead(const char*, const char *zKey, char *zBuf, int nBuf);
#define KVSTORAGE_KEY_SZ  32

/* Expand the key name with an appropriate prefix and put the result
** zKeyOut[].  The zKeyOut[] buffer is assumed to hold at least
** KVSTORAGE_KEY_SZ bytes.
*/
static void kvstorageMakeKey(
  const char *zClass,
  const char *zKeyIn,
  char *zKeyOut
){
  sqlite3_snprintf(KVSTORAGE_KEY_SZ, zKeyOut, "kvvfs-%s-%s", zClass, zKeyIn);
}

/* Write content into a key.  zClass is the particular namespace of the
** underlying key/value store to use - either "local" or "session".
**
** Both zKey and zData are zero-terminated pure text strings.
**
** Return the number of errors.
*/
static int kvstorageWrite(
  const char *zClass,
  const char *zKey,
  const char *zData
){
  FILE *fd;
  char zXKey[KVSTORAGE_KEY_SZ];
  kvstorageMakeKey(zClass, zKey, zXKey);
  fd = fopen(zXKey, "wb");
  if( fd ){
    SQLITE_KV_TRACE(("KVVFS-WRITE  %-15s (%d) %.50s%s\n", zXKey,
                 (int)strlen(zData), zData,
                 strlen(zData)>50 ? "..." : ""));
    fputs(zData, fd);
    fclose(fd);
    return 0;
  }else{
    return 1;
  }
}

/* Delete a key (with its corresponding data) from the key/value
** namespace given by zClass.  If the key does not previously exist,
** this routine is a no-op.
*/
static int kvstorageDelete(const char *zClass, const char *zKey){
  char zXKey[KVSTORAGE_KEY_SZ];
  kvstorageMakeKey(zClass, zKey, zXKey);
  unlink(zXKey);
  SQLITE_KV_TRACE(("KVVFS-DELETE %-15s\n", zXKey));
  return 0;
}

/* Read the value associated with a zKey from the key/value namespace given
** by zClass and put the text data associated with that key in the first
** nBuf bytes of zBuf[].  The value might be truncated if zBuf is not large
** enough to hold it all.  The value put into zBuf must always be zero
** terminated, even if it gets truncated because nBuf is not large enough.
**
** Return the total number of bytes in the data, without truncation, and
** not counting the final zero terminator.   Return -1 if the key does
** not exist.
**
** If nBuf<=0 then this routine simply returns the size of the data without
** actually reading it.
*/
static int kvstorageRead(
  const char *zClass,
  const char *zKey,
  char *zBuf,
  int nBuf
){
  FILE *fd;
  struct stat buf;
  char zXKey[KVSTORAGE_KEY_SZ];
  kvstorageMakeKey(zClass, zKey, zXKey);
  if( access(zXKey, R_OK)!=0
   || stat(zXKey, &buf)!=0
   || !S_ISREG(buf.st_mode)
  ){
    SQLITE_KV_TRACE(("KVVFS-READ   %-15s (-1)\n", zXKey));
    return -1;
  }
  if( nBuf<=0 ){
    return (int)buf.st_size;
  }else if( nBuf==1 ){
    zBuf[0] = 0;
    SQLITE_KV_TRACE(("KVVFS-READ   %-15s (%d)\n", zXKey,
                 (int)buf.st_size));
    return (int)buf.st_size;
  }
  if( nBuf > buf.st_size + 1 ){
    nBuf = buf.st_size + 1;
  }
  fd = fopen(zXKey, "rb");
  if( fd==0 ){
    SQLITE_KV_TRACE(("KVVFS-READ   %-15s (-1)\n", zXKey));
    return -1;
  }else{
    sqlite3_int64 n = fread(zBuf, 1, nBuf-1, fd);
    fclose(fd);
    zBuf[n] = 0;
    SQLITE_KV_TRACE(("KVVFS-READ   %-15s (%lld) %.50s%s\n", zXKey,
                 n, zBuf, n>50 ? "..." : ""));
    return (int)n;
  }
}

/*
** An internal level of indirection which enables us to replace the
** kvvfs i/o methods with JavaScript implementations in WASM builds.
** Maintenance reminder: if this struct changes in any way, the JSON
** rendering of its structure must be updated in
** sqlite3_wasm_enum_json(). There are no binary compatibility
** concerns, so it does not need an iVersion member. This file is
** necessarily always compiled together with sqlite3_wasm_enum_json(),
** and JS code dynamically creates the mapping of members based on
** that JSON description.
*/
typedef struct sqlite3_kvvfs_methods sqlite3_kvvfs_methods;
struct sqlite3_kvvfs_methods {
  int (*xRead)(const char *zClass, const char *zKey, char *zBuf, int nBuf);
  int (*xWrite)(const char *zClass, const char *zKey, const char *zData);
  int (*xDelete)(const char *zClass, const char *zKey);
  const int nKeySize;
};

/*
** This object holds the kvvfs I/O methods which may be swapped out
** for JavaScript-side implementations in WASM builds. In such builds
** it cannot be const, but in native builds it should be so that
** the compiler can hopefully optimize this level of indirection out.
** That said, kvvfs is intended primarily for use in WASM builds.
**
** Note that this is not explicitly flagged as static because the
** amalgamation build will tag it with SQLITE_PRIVATE.
*/
#ifndef SQLITE_WASM
const
#endif
SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_kvvfs_methods sqlite3KvvfsMethods = {
kvstorageRead,
kvstorageWrite,
kvstorageDelete,
KVSTORAGE_KEY_SZ
};

/****** Utility subroutines ************************************************/

/*
** Encode binary into the text encoded used to persist on disk.
** The output text is stored in aOut[], which must be at least
** nData+1 bytes in length.
**
** Return the actual length of the encoded text, not counting the
** zero terminator at the end.
**
** Encoding format
** ---------------
**
**   *  Non-zero bytes are encoded as upper-case hexadecimal
**
**   *  A sequence of one or more zero-bytes that are not at the
**      beginning of the buffer are encoded as a little-endian
**      base-26 number using a..z.  "a" means 0.  "b" means 1,
**      "z" means 25.  "ab" means 26.  "ac" means 52.  And so forth.
**
**   *  Because there is no overlap between the encoding characters
**      of hexadecimal and base-26 numbers, it is always clear where
**      one stops and the next begins.
*/
static int kvvfsEncode(const char *aData, int nData, char *aOut){
  int i, j;
  const unsigned char *a = (const unsigned char*)aData;
  for(i=j=0; i<nData; i++){
    unsigned char c = a[i];
    if( c!=0 ){
      aOut[j++] = "0123456789ABCDEF"[c>>4];
      aOut[j++] = "0123456789ABCDEF"[c&0xf];
    }else{
      /* A sequence of 1 or more zeros is stored as a little-endian
      ** base-26 number using a..z as the digits. So one zero is "b".
      ** Two zeros is "c". 25 zeros is "z", 26 zeros is "ab", 27 is "bb",
      ** and so forth.
      */
      int k;
      for(k=1; i+k<nData && a[i+k]==0; k++){}
      i += k-1;
      while( k>0 ){
        aOut[j++] = 'a'+(k%26);
        k /= 26;
      }
    }
  }
  aOut[j] = 0;
  return j;
}

static const signed char kvvfsHexValue[256] = {
  -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,   -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
  -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,   -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
  -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,   -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
   0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,    8,  9, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
  -1, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, -1,   -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
  -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,   -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
  -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,   -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
  -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,   -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,

  -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,   -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
  -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,   -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
  -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,   -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
  -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,   -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
  -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,   -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
  -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,   -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
  -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,   -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
  -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,   -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1
};

/*
** Decode the text encoding back to binary.  The binary content is
** written into pOut, which must be at least nOut bytes in length.
**
** The return value is the number of bytes actually written into aOut[].
*/
static int kvvfsDecode(const char *a, char *aOut, int nOut){
  int i, j;
  int c;
  const unsigned char *aIn = (const unsigned char*)a;
  i = 0;
  j = 0;
  while( 1 ){
    c = kvvfsHexValue[aIn[i]];
    if( c<0 ){
      int n = 0;
      int mult = 1;
      c = aIn[i];
      if( c==0 ) break;
      while( c>='a' && c<='z' ){
        n += (c - 'a')*mult;
        mult *= 26;
        c = aIn[++i];
      }
      if( j+n>nOut ) return -1;
      memset(&aOut[j], 0, n);
      j += n;
      c = aIn[i];
      if( c==0 ) break;
    }else{
      aOut[j] = c<<4;
      c = kvvfsHexValue[aIn[++i]];
      if( c<0 ) break;
      aOut[j++] += c;
      i++;
    }
  }
  return j;
}

/*
** Decode a complete journal file.  Allocate space in pFile->aJrnl
** and store the decoding there.  Or leave pFile->aJrnl set to NULL
** if an error is encountered.
**
** The first few characters of the text encoding will be a little-endian
** base-26 number (digits a..z) that is the total number of bytes
** in the decoded journal file image.  This base-26 number is followed
** by a single space, then the encoding of the journal.  The space
** separator is required to act as a terminator for the base-26 number.
*/
static void kvvfsDecodeJournal(
  KVVfsFile *pFile,      /* Store decoding in pFile->aJrnl */
  const char *zTxt,      /* Text encoding.  Zero-terminated */
  int nTxt               /* Bytes in zTxt, excluding zero terminator */
){
  unsigned int n = 0;
  int c, i, mult;
  i = 0;
  mult = 1;
  while( (c = zTxt[i++])>='a' && c<='z' ){
    n += (zTxt[i] - 'a')*mult;
    mult *= 26;
  }
  sqlite3_free(pFile->aJrnl);
  pFile->aJrnl = sqlite3_malloc64( n );
  if( pFile->aJrnl==0 ){
    pFile->nJrnl = 0;
    return;
  }
  pFile->nJrnl = n;
  n = kvvfsDecode(zTxt+i, pFile->aJrnl, pFile->nJrnl);
  if( n<pFile->nJrnl ){
    sqlite3_free(pFile->aJrnl);
    pFile->aJrnl = 0;
    pFile->nJrnl = 0;
  }
}

/*
** Read or write the "sz" element, containing the database file size.
*/
static sqlite3_int64 kvvfsReadFileSize(KVVfsFile *pFile){
  char zData[50];
  zData[0] = 0;
  sqlite3KvvfsMethods.xRead(pFile->zClass, "sz", zData, sizeof(zData)-1);
  return strtoll(zData, 0, 0);
}
static int kvvfsWriteFileSize(KVVfsFile *pFile, sqlite3_int64 sz){
  char zData[50];
  sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zData), zData, "%lld", sz);
  return sqlite3KvvfsMethods.xWrite(pFile->zClass, "sz", zData);
}

/****** sqlite3_io_methods methods ******************************************/

/*
** Close an kvvfs-file.
*/
static int kvvfsClose(sqlite3_file *pProtoFile){
  KVVfsFile *pFile = (KVVfsFile *)pProtoFile;

  SQLITE_KV_LOG(("xClose %s %s\n", pFile->zClass,
             pFile->isJournal ? "journal" : "db"));
  sqlite3_free(pFile->aJrnl);
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** Read from the -journal file.
*/
static int kvvfsReadJrnl(
  sqlite3_file *pProtoFile,
  void *zBuf,
  int iAmt,
  sqlite_int64 iOfst
){
  KVVfsFile *pFile = (KVVfsFile*)pProtoFile;
  assert( pFile->isJournal );
  SQLITE_KV_LOG(("xRead('%s-journal',%d,%lld)\n", pFile->zClass, iAmt, iOfst));
  if( pFile->aJrnl==0 ){
    int szTxt = kvstorageRead(pFile->zClass, "jrnl", 0, 0);
    char *aTxt;
    if( szTxt<=4 ){
      return SQLITE_IOERR;
    }
    aTxt = sqlite3_malloc64( szTxt+1 );
    if( aTxt==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
    kvstorageRead(pFile->zClass, "jrnl", aTxt, szTxt+1);
    kvvfsDecodeJournal(pFile, aTxt, szTxt);
    sqlite3_free(aTxt);
    if( pFile->aJrnl==0 ) return SQLITE_IOERR;
  }
  if( iOfst+iAmt>pFile->nJrnl ){
    return SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ;
  }
  memcpy(zBuf, pFile->aJrnl+iOfst, iAmt);
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** Read from the database file.
*/
static int kvvfsReadDb(
  sqlite3_file *pProtoFile,
  void *zBuf,
  int iAmt,
  sqlite_int64 iOfst
){
  KVVfsFile *pFile = (KVVfsFile*)pProtoFile;
  unsigned int pgno;
  int got, n;
  char zKey[30];
  char aData[133073];
  assert( iOfst>=0 );
  assert( iAmt>=0 );
  SQLITE_KV_LOG(("xRead('%s-db',%d,%lld)\n", pFile->zClass, iAmt, iOfst));
  if( iOfst+iAmt>=512 ){
    if( (iOfst % iAmt)!=0 ){
      return SQLITE_IOERR_READ;
    }
    if( (iAmt & (iAmt-1))!=0 || iAmt<512 || iAmt>65536 ){
      return SQLITE_IOERR_READ;
    }
    pFile->szPage = iAmt;
    pgno = 1 + iOfst/iAmt;
  }else{
    pgno = 1;
  }
  sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zKey), zKey, "%u", pgno);
  got = sqlite3KvvfsMethods.xRead(pFile->zClass, zKey, aData, sizeof(aData)-1);
  if( got<0 ){
    n = 0;
  }else{
    aData[got] = 0;
    if( iOfst+iAmt<512 ){
      int k = iOfst+iAmt;
      aData[k*2] = 0;
      n = kvvfsDecode(aData, &aData[2000], sizeof(aData)-2000);
      if( n>=iOfst+iAmt ){
        memcpy(zBuf, &aData[2000+iOfst], iAmt);
        n = iAmt;
      }else{
        n = 0;
      }
    }else{
      n = kvvfsDecode(aData, zBuf, iAmt);
    }
  }
  if( n<iAmt ){
    memset(zBuf+n, 0, iAmt-n);
    return SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ;
  }
  return SQLITE_OK;
}


/*
** Write into the -journal file.
*/
static int kvvfsWriteJrnl(
  sqlite3_file *pProtoFile,
  const void *zBuf,
  int iAmt,
  sqlite_int64 iOfst
){
  KVVfsFile *pFile = (KVVfsFile*)pProtoFile;
  sqlite3_int64 iEnd = iOfst+iAmt;
  SQLITE_KV_LOG(("xWrite('%s-journal',%d,%lld)\n", pFile->zClass, iAmt, iOfst));
  if( iEnd>=0x10000000 ) return SQLITE_FULL;
  if( pFile->aJrnl==0 || pFile->nJrnl<iEnd ){
    char *aNew = sqlite3_realloc(pFile->aJrnl, iEnd);
    if( aNew==0 ){
      return SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM;
    }
    pFile->aJrnl = aNew;
    if( pFile->nJrnl<iOfst ){
      memset(pFile->aJrnl+pFile->nJrnl, 0, iOfst-pFile->nJrnl);
    }
    pFile->nJrnl = iEnd;
  }
  memcpy(pFile->aJrnl+iOfst, zBuf, iAmt);
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** Write into the database file.
*/
static int kvvfsWriteDb(
  sqlite3_file *pProtoFile,
  const void *zBuf,
  int iAmt,
  sqlite_int64 iOfst
){
  KVVfsFile *pFile = (KVVfsFile*)pProtoFile;
  unsigned int pgno;
  char zKey[30];
  char aData[131073];
  SQLITE_KV_LOG(("xWrite('%s-db',%d,%lld)\n", pFile->zClass, iAmt, iOfst));
  assert( iAmt>=512 && iAmt<=65536 );
  assert( (iAmt & (iAmt-1))==0 );
  pgno = 1 + iOfst/iAmt;
  sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zKey), zKey, "%u", pgno);
  kvvfsEncode(zBuf, iAmt, aData);
  if( sqlite3KvvfsMethods.xWrite(pFile->zClass, zKey, aData) ){
    return SQLITE_IOERR;
  }
  if( iOfst+iAmt > pFile->szDb ){
    pFile->szDb = iOfst + iAmt;
  }
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** Truncate an kvvfs-file.
*/
static int kvvfsTruncateJrnl(sqlite3_file *pProtoFile, sqlite_int64 size){
  KVVfsFile *pFile = (KVVfsFile *)pProtoFile;
  SQLITE_KV_LOG(("xTruncate('%s-journal',%lld)\n", pFile->zClass, size));
  assert( size==0 );
  sqlite3KvvfsMethods.xDelete(pFile->zClass, "jrnl");
  sqlite3_free(pFile->aJrnl);
  pFile->aJrnl = 0;
  pFile->nJrnl = 0;
  return SQLITE_OK;
}
static int kvvfsTruncateDb(sqlite3_file *pProtoFile, sqlite_int64 size){
  KVVfsFile *pFile = (KVVfsFile *)pProtoFile;
  if( pFile->szDb>size
   && pFile->szPage>0
   && (size % pFile->szPage)==0
  ){
    char zKey[50];
    unsigned int pgno, pgnoMax;
    SQLITE_KV_LOG(("xTruncate('%s-db',%lld)\n", pFile->zClass, size));
    pgno = 1 + size/pFile->szPage;
    pgnoMax = 2 + pFile->szDb/pFile->szPage;
    while( pgno<=pgnoMax ){
      sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zKey), zKey, "%u", pgno);
      sqlite3KvvfsMethods.xDelete(pFile->zClass, zKey);
      pgno++;
    }
    pFile->szDb = size;
    return kvvfsWriteFileSize(pFile, size) ? SQLITE_IOERR : SQLITE_OK;
  }
  return SQLITE_IOERR;
}

/*
** Sync an kvvfs-file.
*/
static int kvvfsSyncJrnl(sqlite3_file *pProtoFile, int flags){
  int i, n;
  KVVfsFile *pFile = (KVVfsFile *)pProtoFile;
  char *zOut;
  SQLITE_KV_LOG(("xSync('%s-journal')\n", pFile->zClass));
  if( pFile->nJrnl<=0 ){
    return kvvfsTruncateJrnl(pProtoFile, 0);
  }
  zOut = sqlite3_malloc64( pFile->nJrnl*2 + 50 );
  if( zOut==0 ){
    return SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM;
  }
  n = pFile->nJrnl;
  i = 0;
  do{
    zOut[i++] = 'a' + (n%26);
    n /= 26;
  }while( n>0 );
  zOut[i++] = ' ';
  kvvfsEncode(pFile->aJrnl, pFile->nJrnl, &zOut[i]);
  i = sqlite3KvvfsMethods.xWrite(pFile->zClass, "jrnl", zOut);
  sqlite3_free(zOut);
  return i ? SQLITE_IOERR : SQLITE_OK;
}
static int kvvfsSyncDb(sqlite3_file *pProtoFile, int flags){
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** Return the current file-size of an kvvfs-file.
*/
static int kvvfsFileSizeJrnl(sqlite3_file *pProtoFile, sqlite_int64 *pSize){
  KVVfsFile *pFile = (KVVfsFile *)pProtoFile;
  SQLITE_KV_LOG(("xFileSize('%s-journal')\n", pFile->zClass));
  *pSize = pFile->nJrnl;
  return SQLITE_OK;
}
static int kvvfsFileSizeDb(sqlite3_file *pProtoFile, sqlite_int64 *pSize){
  KVVfsFile *pFile = (KVVfsFile *)pProtoFile;
  SQLITE_KV_LOG(("xFileSize('%s-db')\n", pFile->zClass));
  if( pFile->szDb>=0 ){
    *pSize = pFile->szDb;
  }else{
    *pSize = kvvfsReadFileSize(pFile);
  }
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** Lock an kvvfs-file.
*/
static int kvvfsLock(sqlite3_file *pProtoFile, int eLock){
  KVVfsFile *pFile = (KVVfsFile *)pProtoFile;
  assert( !pFile->isJournal );
  SQLITE_KV_LOG(("xLock(%s,%d)\n", pFile->zClass, eLock));

  if( eLock!=SQLITE_LOCK_NONE ){
    pFile->szDb = kvvfsReadFileSize(pFile);
  }
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** Unlock an kvvfs-file.
*/
static int kvvfsUnlock(sqlite3_file *pProtoFile, int eLock){
  KVVfsFile *pFile = (KVVfsFile *)pProtoFile;
  assert( !pFile->isJournal );
  SQLITE_KV_LOG(("xUnlock(%s,%d)\n", pFile->zClass, eLock));
  if( eLock==SQLITE_LOCK_NONE ){
    pFile->szDb = -1;
  }
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** Check if another file-handle holds a RESERVED lock on an kvvfs-file.
*/
static int kvvfsCheckReservedLock(sqlite3_file *pProtoFile, int *pResOut){
  SQLITE_KV_LOG(("xCheckReservedLock\n"));
  *pResOut = 0;
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** File control method. For custom operations on an kvvfs-file.
*/
static int kvvfsFileControlJrnl(sqlite3_file *pProtoFile, int op, void *pArg){
  SQLITE_KV_LOG(("xFileControl(%d) on journal\n", op));
  return SQLITE_NOTFOUND;
}
static int kvvfsFileControlDb(sqlite3_file *pProtoFile, int op, void *pArg){
  SQLITE_KV_LOG(("xFileControl(%d) on database\n", op));
  if( op==SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC ){
    KVVfsFile *pFile = (KVVfsFile *)pProtoFile;
    int rc = SQLITE_OK;
    SQLITE_KV_LOG(("xSync('%s-db')\n", pFile->zClass));
    if( pFile->szDb>0 && 0!=kvvfsWriteFileSize(pFile, pFile->szDb) ){
      rc = SQLITE_IOERR;
    }
    return rc;
  }
  return SQLITE_NOTFOUND;
}

/*
** Return the sector-size in bytes for an kvvfs-file.
*/
static int kvvfsSectorSize(sqlite3_file *pFile){
  return 512;
}

/*
** Return the device characteristic flags supported by an kvvfs-file.
*/
static int kvvfsDeviceCharacteristics(sqlite3_file *pProtoFile){
  return 0;
}

/****** sqlite3_vfs methods *************************************************/

/*
** Open an kvvfs file handle.
*/
static int kvvfsOpen(
  sqlite3_vfs *pProtoVfs,
  const char *zName,
  sqlite3_file *pProtoFile,
  int flags,
  int *pOutFlags
){
  KVVfsFile *pFile = (KVVfsFile*)pProtoFile;
  SQLITE_KV_LOG(("xOpen(\"%s\")\n", zName));
  if( strcmp(zName, "local")==0
   || strcmp(zName, "session")==0
  ){
    pFile->isJournal = 0;
    pFile->base.pMethods = &kvvfs_db_io_methods;
  }else
  if( strcmp(zName, "local-journal")==0
   || strcmp(zName, "session-journal")==0
  ){
    pFile->isJournal = 1;
    pFile->base.pMethods = &kvvfs_jrnl_io_methods;
  }else{
    return SQLITE_CANTOPEN;
  }
  if( zName[0]=='s' ){
    pFile->zClass = "session";
  }else{
    pFile->zClass = "local";
  }
  pFile->aJrnl = 0;
  pFile->nJrnl = 0;
  pFile->szPage = -1;
  pFile->szDb = -1;
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** Delete the file located at zPath. If the dirSync argument is true,
** ensure the file-system modifications are synced to disk before
** returning.
*/
static int kvvfsDelete(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, const char *zPath, int dirSync){
  if( strcmp(zPath, "local-journal")==0 ){
    sqlite3KvvfsMethods.xDelete("local", "jrnl");
  }else
  if( strcmp(zPath, "session-journal")==0 ){
    sqlite3KvvfsMethods.xDelete("session", "jrnl");
  }
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** Test for access permissions. Return true if the requested permission
** is available, or false otherwise.
*/
static int kvvfsAccess(
  sqlite3_vfs *pProtoVfs,
  const char *zPath,
  int flags,
  int *pResOut
){
  SQLITE_KV_LOG(("xAccess(\"%s\")\n", zPath));
  if( strcmp(zPath, "local-journal")==0 ){
    *pResOut = sqlite3KvvfsMethods.xRead("local", "jrnl", 0, 0)>0;
  }else
  if( strcmp(zPath, "session-journal")==0 ){
    *pResOut = sqlite3KvvfsMethods.xRead("session", "jrnl", 0, 0)>0;
  }else
  if( strcmp(zPath, "local")==0 ){
    *pResOut = sqlite3KvvfsMethods.xRead("local", "sz", 0, 0)>0;
  }else
  if( strcmp(zPath, "session")==0 ){
    *pResOut = sqlite3KvvfsMethods.xRead("session", "sz", 0, 0)>0;
  }else
  {
    *pResOut = 0;
  }
  SQLITE_KV_LOG(("xAccess returns %d\n",*pResOut));
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** Populate buffer zOut with the full canonical pathname corresponding
** to the pathname in zPath. zOut is guaranteed to point to a buffer
** of at least (INST_MAX_PATHNAME+1) bytes.
*/
static int kvvfsFullPathname(
  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs,
  const char *zPath,
  int nOut,
  char *zOut
){
  size_t nPath;
#ifdef SQLITE_OS_KV_ALWAYS_LOCAL
  zPath = "local";
#endif
  nPath = strlen(zPath);
  SQLITE_KV_LOG(("xFullPathname(\"%s\")\n", zPath));
  if( nOut<nPath+1 ) nPath = nOut - 1;
  memcpy(zOut, zPath, nPath);
  zOut[nPath] = 0;
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** Open the dynamic library located at zPath and return a handle.
*/
static void *kvvfsDlOpen(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, const char *zPath){
  return 0;
}

/*
** Populate the buffer pointed to by zBufOut with nByte bytes of
** random data.
*/
static int kvvfsRandomness(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, int nByte, char *zBufOut){
  memset(zBufOut, 0, nByte);
  return nByte;
}

/*
** Sleep for nMicro microseconds. Return the number of microseconds
** actually slept.
*/
static int kvvfsSleep(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, int nMicro){
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** Return the current time as a Julian Day number in *pTimeOut.
*/
static int kvvfsCurrentTime(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, double *pTimeOut){
  sqlite3_int64 i = 0;
  int rc;
  rc = kvvfsCurrentTimeInt64(0, &i);
  *pTimeOut = i/86400000.0;
  return rc;
}
#include <sys/time.h>
static int kvvfsCurrentTimeInt64(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, sqlite3_int64 *pTimeOut){
  static const sqlite3_int64 unixEpoch = 24405875*(sqlite3_int64)8640000;
  struct timeval sNow;
  (void)gettimeofday(&sNow, 0);  /* Cannot fail given valid arguments */
  *pTimeOut = unixEpoch + 1000*(sqlite3_int64)sNow.tv_sec + sNow.tv_usec/1000;
  return SQLITE_OK;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OS_KV || SQLITE_OS_UNIX */

#if SQLITE_OS_KV
/*
** This routine is called initialize the KV-vfs as the default VFS.
*/
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_os_init(void){
  return sqlite3_vfs_register(&sqlite3OsKvvfsObject, 1);
}
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_os_end(void){
  return SQLITE_OK;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OS_KV */

#if SQLITE_OS_UNIX && defined(SQLITE_OS_KV_OPTIONAL)
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3KvvfsInit(void){
  return sqlite3_vfs_register(&sqlite3OsKvvfsObject, 0);
}
#endif

/************** End of os_kv.c ***********************************************/
/************** Begin file os_unix.c *****************************************/
/*
** 2004 May 22
**
** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
**

# undef USE_PREAD64
# define USE_PREAD 1
#endif

/*
** standard include files.
*/
#include <sys/types.h>   /* amalgamator: keep */
#include <sys/stat.h>    /* amalgamator: keep */
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <unistd.h>      /* amalgamator: keep */
/* #include <time.h> */
#include <sys/time.h>    /* amalgamator: keep */
#include <errno.h>
#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_WAL) || SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE>0
# include <sys/mman.h>
#endif

#if SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE
/* # include <sys/ioctl.h> */

#ifdef SQLITE_DEFAULT_UNIX_VFS
    sqlite3_vfs_register(&aVfs[i],
           0==strcmp(aVfs[i].zName,SQLITE_DEFAULT_UNIX_VFS));
#else
    sqlite3_vfs_register(&aVfs[i], i==0);
#endif
  }
#ifdef SQLITE_OS_KV_OPTIONAL
  sqlite3KvvfsInit();
#endif
  unixBigLock = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1);

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
  /* Validate lock assumptions */
  assert( SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK==8 );  /* Number of available locks */
  assert( UNIX_SHM_BASE==120  );  /* Start of locking area */
  /* Locks:

          }
          if( iFrom==get4byte(pCell+info.nSize-4) ){
            put4byte(pCell+info.nSize-4, iTo);
            break;
          }
        }
      }else{
        if( pCell+4 > pPage->aData+pPage->pBt->usableSize ){
          return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
        }
        if( get4byte(pCell)==iFrom ){
          put4byte(pCell, iTo);
          break;
        }
      }
    }

      pCur->eState = CURSOR_VALID;
      if( pCur->skipNext>0 ) return SQLITE_OK;
    }
  }

  pPage = pCur->pPage;
  idx = ++pCur->ix;
  if( NEVER(!pPage->isInit) || sqlite3FaultSim(412) ){







    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
  }

  if( idx>=pPage->nCell ){
    if( !pPage->leaf ){
      rc = moveToChild(pCur, get4byte(&pPage->aData[pPage->hdrOffset+8]));
      if( rc ) return rc;

          pCur->apPage[0] = pPage;
          pCur->pPage = pCur->apPage[1];
          assert( pCur->pPage->nOverflow );
        }
      }else{
        break;
      }
    }else if( sqlite3PagerPageRefcount(pPage->pDbPage)>1 ){
      /* The page being written is not a root page, and there is currently
      ** more than one reference to it. This only happens if the page is one
      ** of its own ancestor pages. Corruption. */
      rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
    }else{
      MemPage * const pParent = pCur->apPage[iPage-1];
      int const iIdx = pCur->aiIdx[iPage-1];

      rc = sqlite3PagerWrite(pParent->pDbPage);
      if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pParent->nFree<0 ){
        rc = btreeComputeFreeSpace(pParent);

    default: {
      assert( aff==SQLITE_AFF_TEXT );
      assert( MEM_Str==(MEM_Blob>>3) );
      pMem->flags |= (pMem->flags&MEM_Blob)>>3;
      sqlite3ValueApplyAffinity(pMem, SQLITE_AFF_TEXT, encoding);
      assert( pMem->flags & MEM_Str || pMem->db->mallocFailed );
      pMem->flags &= ~(MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_IntReal|MEM_Blob|MEM_Zero);
      if( encoding!=SQLITE_UTF8 ) pMem->n &= ~1;
      return sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(pMem, encoding);
    }
  }
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*

  return valueToText(pVal, enc)!=0 ? pVal->n : 0;
}
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ValueBytes(sqlite3_value *pVal, u8 enc){
  Mem *p = (Mem*)pVal;
  assert( (p->flags & MEM_Null)==0 || (p->flags & (MEM_Str|MEM_Blob))==0 );
  if( (p->flags & MEM_Str)!=0 && pVal->enc==enc ){
    return p->n;
  }
  if( (p->flags & MEM_Str)!=0 && enc!=SQLITE_UTF8 && pVal->enc!=SQLITE_UTF8 ){
    return p->n;
  }
  if( (p->flags & MEM_Blob)!=0 ){
    if( p->flags & MEM_Zero ){
      return p->n + p->u.nZero;
    }else{
      return p->n;
    }

  assert( addr>=0 );
  sqlite3VdbeGetOp(p,addr)->p3 = val;
}
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(Vdbe *p, u16 p5){
  assert( p->nOp>0 || p->db->mallocFailed );
  if( p->nOp>0 ) p->aOp[p->nOp-1].p5 = p5;
}

/*
** If the previous opcode is an OP_Column that delivers results
** into register iDest, then add the OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG flag to that
** opcode.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeTypeofColumn(Vdbe *p, int iDest){
  VdbeOp *pOp = sqlite3VdbeGetLastOp(p);
  if( pOp->p3==iDest && pOp->opcode==OP_Column ){
    pOp->p5 |= OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG;
  }
}

/*
** Change the P2 operand of instruction addr so that it points to
** the address of the next instruction to be coded.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(Vdbe *p, int addr){
  sqlite3VdbeChangeP2(p, addr, p->nOp);

    /* RHS is an integer */
    if( pRhs->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_IntReal) ){
      testcase( pRhs->flags & MEM_Int );
      testcase( pRhs->flags & MEM_IntReal );
      serial_type = aKey1[idx1];
      testcase( serial_type==12 );
      if( serial_type>=10 ){
        rc = serial_type==10 ? -1 : +1;
      }else if( serial_type==0 ){
        rc = -1;
      }else if( serial_type==7 ){
        sqlite3VdbeSerialGet(&aKey1[d1], serial_type, &mem1);
        rc = -sqlite3IntFloatCompare(pRhs->u.i, mem1.u.r);
      }else{
        i64 lhs = vdbeRecordDecodeInt(serial_type, &aKey1[d1]);

    else if( pRhs->flags & MEM_Real ){
      serial_type = aKey1[idx1];
      if( serial_type>=10 ){
        /* Serial types 12 or greater are strings and blobs (greater than
        ** numbers). Types 10 and 11 are currently "reserved for future
        ** use", so it doesn't really matter what the results of comparing
        ** them to numberic values are.  */
        rc = serial_type==10 ? -1 : +1;
      }else if( serial_type==0 ){
        rc = -1;
      }else{
        sqlite3VdbeSerialGet(&aKey1[d1], serial_type, &mem1);
        if( serial_type==7 ){
          if( mem1.u.r<pRhs->u.r ){
            rc = -1;

        }
      }
    }

    /* RHS is null */
    else{
      serial_type = aKey1[idx1];
      rc = (serial_type!=0 && serial_type!=10);
    }

    if( rc!=0 ){
      int sortFlags = pPKey2->pKeyInfo->aSortFlags[i];
      if( sortFlags ){
        if( (sortFlags & KEYINFO_ORDER_BIGNULL)==0
         || ((sortFlags & KEYINFO_ORDER_DESC)

    }else if( pVal->flags & MEM_Str ){
      eType = SQLITE_TEXT;
    }
    assert( eType == aType[pVal->flags&MEM_AffMask] );
  }
#endif
  return aType[pVal->flags&MEM_AffMask];
}
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_encoding(sqlite3_value *pVal){
  return pVal->enc;
}

/* Return true if a parameter to xUpdate represents an unchanged column */
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_nochange(sqlite3_value *pVal){
  return (pVal->flags&(MEM_Null|MEM_Zero))==(MEM_Null|MEM_Zero);
}

  VdbeBranchTaken( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Null)!=0, 2);
  if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Null)!=0 ){
    goto jump_to_p2;
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: IsType P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
** Synopsis: if typeof(P1.P3) in P5 goto P2
**
** Jump to P2 if the type of a column in a btree is one of the types specified
** by the P5 bitmask.
**
** P1 is normally a cursor on a btree for which the row decode cache is
** valid through at least column P3.  In other words, there should have been
** a prior OP_Column for column P3 or greater.  If the cursor is not valid,
** then this opcode might give spurious results.
** The the btree row has fewer than P3 columns, then use P4 as the
** datatype.
**
** If P1 is -1, then P3 is a register number and the datatype is taken
** from the value in that register.
**
** P5 is a bitmask of data types.  SQLITE_INTEGER is the least significant
** (0x01) bit. SQLITE_FLOAT is the 0x02 bit. SQLITE_TEXT is 0x04.
** SQLITE_BLOB is 0x08.  SQLITE_NULL is 0x10.
**
** Take the jump to address P2 if and only if the datatype of the
** value determined by P1 and P3 corresponds to one of the bits in the
** P5 bitmask.
**
*/
case OP_IsType: {        /* jump */
  VdbeCursor *pC;
  u16 typeMask;
  u32 serialType;

  assert( pOp->p1>=(-1) && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  assert( pOp->p1>=0 || (pOp->p3>=0 && pOp->p3<=(p->nMem+1 - p->nCursor)) );
  if( pOp->p1>=0 ){
    pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
    assert( pC!=0 );
    assert( pOp->p3>=0 );
    if( pOp->p3<pC->nHdrParsed ){
      serialType = pC->aType[pOp->p3];
      if( serialType>=12 ){
        if( serialType&1 ){
          typeMask = 0x04;   /* SQLITE_TEXT */
        }else{
          typeMask = 0x08;   /* SQLITE_BLOB */
        }
      }else{
        static const unsigned char aMask[] = {
           0x10, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x2,
           0x01, 0x01, 0x10, 0x10
        };
        testcase( serialType==0 );
        testcase( serialType==1 );
        testcase( serialType==2 );
        testcase( serialType==3 );
        testcase( serialType==4 );
        testcase( serialType==5 );
        testcase( serialType==6 );
        testcase( serialType==7 );
        testcase( serialType==8 );
        testcase( serialType==9 );
        testcase( serialType==10 );
        testcase( serialType==11 );
        typeMask = aMask[serialType];
      }
    }else{
      typeMask = 1 << (pOp->p4.i - 1);
      testcase( typeMask==0x01 );
      testcase( typeMask==0x02 );
      testcase( typeMask==0x04 );
      testcase( typeMask==0x08 );
      testcase( typeMask==0x10 );
    }
  }else{
    assert( memIsValid(&aMem[pOp->p3]) );
    typeMask = 1 << (sqlite3_value_type((sqlite3_value*)&aMem[pOp->p3])-1);
    testcase( typeMask==0x01 );
    testcase( typeMask==0x02 );
    testcase( typeMask==0x04 );
    testcase( typeMask==0x08 );
    testcase( typeMask==0x10 );
  }
  VdbeBranchTaken( (typeMask & pOp->p5)!=0, 2);
  if( typeMask & pOp->p5 ){
    goto jump_to_p2;
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: ZeroOrNull P1 P2 P3 * *
** Synopsis: r[P2] = 0 OR NULL
**
** If all both registers P1 and P3 are NOT NULL, then store a zero in

/* Opcode: Column P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
** Synopsis: r[P3]=PX cursor P1 column P2
**
** Interpret the data that cursor P1 points to as a structure built using
** the MakeRecord instruction.  (See the MakeRecord opcode for additional
** information about the format of the data.)  Extract the P2-th column
** from this record.  If there are less than (P2+1)
** values in the record, extract a NULL.
**
** The value extracted is stored in register P3.
**
** If the record contains fewer than P2 fields, then extract a NULL.  Or,
** if the P4 argument is a P4_MEM use the value of the P4 argument as
** the result.
**
** If the OPFLAG_LENGTHARG bit is set in P5 then the result is guaranteed
** to only be used by the length() function or the equivalent.  The content
** of large blobs is not loaded, thus saving CPU cycles.  If the
** OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG bit is set then the result will only be used by the
** typeof() function or the IS NULL or IS NOT NULL operators or the
** equivalent.  In this case, all content loading can be omitted.
*/
case OP_Column: {
  u32 p2;            /* column number to retrieve */
  VdbeCursor *pC;    /* The VDBE cursor */
  BtCursor *pCrsr;   /* The B-Tree cursor corresponding to pC */
  u32 *aOffset;      /* aOffset[i] is offset to start of data for i-th column */
  int len;           /* The length of the serialized data for the column */

    assert( oc!=OP_SeekGT || r.default_rc==-1 );
    assert( oc!=OP_SeekLE || r.default_rc==-1 );
    assert( oc!=OP_SeekGE || r.default_rc==+1 );
    assert( oc!=OP_SeekLT || r.default_rc==+1 );

    r.aMem = &aMem[pOp->p3];
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
    {
      int i;
      for(i=0; i<r.nField; i++){
        assert( memIsValid(&r.aMem[i]) );
        if( i>0 ) REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p3+i, &r.aMem[i]);
      }
    }
#endif
    r.eqSeen = 0;
    rc = sqlite3BtreeIndexMoveto(pC->uc.pCursor, &r, &res);
    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
      goto abort_due_to_error;
    }
    if( eqOnly && r.eqSeen==0 ){

    assert( pOp[1].opcode==OP_IdxLT || pOp[1].opcode==OP_IdxGT );
    pOp++; /* Skip the OP_IdxLt or OP_IdxGT that follows */
  }
  break;
}


/* Opcode: SeekScan  P1 P2 * * P5
** Synopsis: Scan-ahead up to P1 rows
**
** This opcode is a prefix opcode to OP_SeekGE.  In other words, this
** opcode must be immediately followed by OP_SeekGE. This constraint is
** checked by assert() statements.
**
** This opcode uses the P1 through P4 operands of the subsequent
** OP_SeekGE.  In the text that follows, the operands of the subsequent
** OP_SeekGE opcode are denoted as SeekOP.P1 through SeekOP.P4.   Only
** the P1, P2 and P5 operands of this opcode are also used, and  are called
** This.P1, This.P2 and This.P5.
**
** This opcode helps to optimize IN operators on a multi-column index
** where the IN operator is on the later terms of the index by avoiding
** unnecessary seeks on the btree, substituting steps to the next row
** of the b-tree instead.  A correct answer is obtained if this opcode
** is omitted or is a no-op.
**
** The SeekGE.P3 and SeekGE.P4 operands identify an unpacked key which
** is the desired entry that we want the cursor SeekGE.P1 to be pointing
** to.  Call this SeekGE.P3/P4 row the "target".
**
** If the SeekGE.P1 cursor is not currently pointing to a valid row,
** then this opcode is a no-op and control passes through into the OP_SeekGE.
**
** If the SeekGE.P1 cursor is pointing to a valid row, then that row
** might be the target row, or it might be near and slightly before the
** target row, or it might be after the target row.  If the cursor is
** currently before the target row, then this opcode attempts to position
** the cursor on or after the target row by invoking sqlite3BtreeStep()
** on the cursor between 1 and This.P1 times.
**
** The This.P5 parameter is a flag that indicates what to do if the
** cursor ends up pointing at a valid row that is past the target
** row.  If This.P5 is false (0) then a jump is made to SeekGE.P2.  If
** This.P5 is true (non-zero) then a jump is made to This.P2.  The P5==0
** case occurs when there are no inequality constraints to the right of
** the IN constraing.  The jump to SeekGE.P2 ends the loop.  The P5!=0 case
** occurs when there are inequality constraints to the right of the IN
** operator.  In that case, the This.P2 will point either directly to or
** to setup code prior to the OP_IdxGT or OP_IdxGE opcode that checks for
** loop terminate.
**
** Possible outcomes from this opcode:<ol>
**
** <li> If the cursor is initally not pointed to any valid row, then
**      fall through into the subsequent OP_SeekGE opcode.
**
** <li> If the cursor is left pointing to a row that is before the target
**      row, even after making as many as This.P1 calls to
**      sqlite3BtreeNext(), then also fall through into OP_SeekGE.
**
** <li> If the cursor is left pointing at the target row, either because it
**      was at the target row to begin with or because one or more
**      sqlite3BtreeNext() calls moved the cursor to the target row,
**      then jump to This.P2..,
**
** <li> If the cursor started out before the target row and a call to
**      to sqlite3BtreeNext() moved the cursor off the end of the index
**      (indicating that the target row definitely does not exist in the
**      btree) then jump to SeekGE.P2, ending the loop.
**
** <li> If the cursor ends up on a valid row that is past the target row
**      (indicating that the target row does not exist in the btree) then
**      jump to SeekOP.P2 if This.P5==0 or to This.P2 if This.P5>0.
** </ol>
*/
case OP_SeekScan: {
  VdbeCursor *pC;
  int res;
  int nStep;
  UnpackedRecord r;

  assert( pOp[1].opcode==OP_SeekGE );

  /* If pOp->p5 is clear, then pOp->p2 points to the first instruction past the
  ** OP_IdxGT that follows the OP_SeekGE. Otherwise, it points to the first
  ** opcode past the OP_SeekGE itself.  */
  assert( pOp->p2>=(int)(pOp-aOp)+2 );

#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  if( pOp->p5==0 ){
    /* There are no inequality constraints following the IN constraint. */
    assert( pOp[1].p1==aOp[pOp->p2-1].p1 );
    assert( pOp[1].p2==aOp[pOp->p2-1].p2 );
    assert( pOp[1].p3==aOp[pOp->p2-1].p3 );
    assert( aOp[pOp->p2-1].opcode==OP_IdxGT
         || aOp[pOp->p2-1].opcode==OP_IdxGE );
    testcase( aOp[pOp->p2-1].opcode==OP_IdxGE );
  }else{
    /* There are inequality constraints.  */
    assert( pOp->p2==(int)(pOp-aOp)+2 );
    assert( aOp[pOp->p2-1].opcode==OP_SeekGE );
  }
#endif

  assert( pOp->p1>0 );
  pC = p->apCsr[pOp[1].p1];
  assert( pC!=0 );
  assert( pC->eCurType==CURTYPE_BTREE );
  assert( !pC->isTable );
  if( !sqlite3BtreeCursorIsValidNN(pC->uc.pCursor) ){

    }
  }
#endif
  res = 0;  /* Not needed.  Only used to silence a warning. */
  while(1){
    rc = sqlite3VdbeIdxKeyCompare(db, pC, &r, &res);
    if( rc ) goto abort_due_to_error;
    if( res>0 && pOp->p5==0 ){
      seekscan_search_fail:
      /* Jump to SeekGE.P2, ending the loop */
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
      if( db->flags&SQLITE_VdbeTrace ){
        printf("... %d steps and then skip\n", pOp->p1 - nStep);
      }
#endif
      VdbeBranchTaken(1,3);
      pOp++;
      goto jump_to_p2;
    }
    if( res>=0 ){
      /* Jump to This.P2, bypassing the OP_SeekGE opcode */
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
      if( db->flags&SQLITE_VdbeTrace ){
        printf("... %d steps and then success\n", pOp->p1 - nStep);
      }
#endif
      VdbeBranchTaken(2,3);
      goto jump_to_p2;

    pExpr = pExpr->pLeft;
    assert( pExpr!=0 );
  }
  op = pExpr->op;
  if( op==TK_REGISTER ) op = pExpr->op2;
  if( op==TK_COLUMN || op==TK_AGG_COLUMN ){
    assert( ExprUseYTab(pExpr) );
    assert( pExpr->y.pTab!=0 );
    return sqlite3TableColumnAffinity(pExpr->y.pTab, pExpr->iColumn);

  }
  if( op==TK_SELECT ){
    assert( ExprUseXSelect(pExpr) );
    assert( pExpr->x.pSelect!=0 );
    assert( pExpr->x.pSelect->pEList!=0 );
    assert( pExpr->x.pSelect->pEList->a[0].pExpr!=0 );
    return sqlite3ExprAffinity(pExpr->x.pSelect->pEList->a[0].pExpr);

  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
  CollSeq *pColl = 0;
  const Expr *p = pExpr;
  while( p ){
    int op = p->op;
    if( op==TK_REGISTER ) op = p->op2;
    if( op==TK_AGG_COLUMN || op==TK_COLUMN || op==TK_TRIGGER ){
      int j;
      assert( ExprUseYTab(p) );
      assert( p->y.pTab!=0 );


      if( (j = p->iColumn)>=0 ){

        const char *zColl = sqlite3ColumnColl(&p->y.pTab->aCol[j]);
        pColl = sqlite3FindCollSeq(db, ENC(db), zColl, 0);
      }
      break;

    }
    if( op==TK_CAST || op==TK_UPLUS ){
      p = p->pLeft;
      continue;
    }
    if( op==TK_VECTOR ){
      assert( ExprUseXList(p) );

  Table *pTab,    /* The table containing the value */
  int iTabCur,    /* The table cursor.  Or the PK cursor for WITHOUT ROWID */
  int iCol,       /* Index of the column to extract */
  int regOut      /* Extract the value into this register */
){
  Column *pCol;
  assert( v!=0 );
  assert( pTab!=0 );



  if( iCol<0 || iCol==pTab->iPKey ){
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rowid, iTabCur, regOut);
    VdbeComment((v, "%s.rowid", pTab->zName));
  }else{
    int op;
    int x;
    if( IsVirtual(pTab) ){

      break;
    }
#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_UNTESTABLE) */
  }
  return target;
}

/*
** Check to see if pExpr is one of the indexed expressions on pParse->pIdxExpr.
** If it is, then resolve the expression by reading from the index and
** return the register into which the value has been read.  If pExpr is
** not an indexed expression, then return negative.
*/
static SQLITE_NOINLINE int sqlite3IndexedExprLookup(
  Parse *pParse,   /* The parsing context */
  Expr *pExpr,     /* The expression to potentially bypass */
  int target       /* Where to store the result of the expression */
){
  IndexedExpr *p;
  Vdbe *v;
  for(p=pParse->pIdxExpr; p; p=p->pIENext){
    int iDataCur = p->iDataCur;
    if( iDataCur<0 ) continue;
    if( pParse->iSelfTab ){
      if( p->iDataCur!=pParse->iSelfTab-1 ) continue;
      iDataCur = -1;
    }
    if( sqlite3ExprCompare(0, pExpr, p->pExpr, iDataCur)!=0 ) continue;
    v = pParse->pVdbe;
    assert( v!=0 );
    if( p->bMaybeNullRow ){
      /* If the index is on a NULL row due to an outer join, then we
      ** cannot extract the value from the index.  The value must be
      ** computed using the original expression. */
      int addr = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_IfNullRow, p->iIdxCur, addr+3, target);
      VdbeCoverage(v);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, p->iIdxCur, p->iIdxCol, target);
      VdbeComment((v, "%s expr-column %d", p->zIdxName, p->iIdxCol));
      sqlite3VdbeGoto(v, 0);
      p = pParse->pIdxExpr;
      pParse->pIdxExpr = 0;
      sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pExpr, target);
      pParse->pIdxExpr = p;
      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr+2);
    }else{
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, p->iIdxCur, p->iIdxCol, target);
      VdbeComment((v, "%s expr-column %d", p->zIdxName, p->iIdxCol));
    }
    return target;
  }
  return -1;  /* Not found */
}


/*
** Generate code into the current Vdbe to evaluate the given
** expression.  Attempt to store the results in register "target".
** Return the register where results are stored.
**
** With this routine, there is no guarantee that results will

  assert( target>0 && target<=pParse->nMem );
  assert( v!=0 );

expr_code_doover:
  if( pExpr==0 ){
    op = TK_NULL;
  }else if( pParse->pIdxExpr!=0
   && !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_Leaf)
   && (r1 = sqlite3IndexedExprLookup(pParse, pExpr, target))>=0
  ){
    return r1;
  }else{
    assert( !ExprHasVVAProperty(pExpr,EP_Immutable) );
    op = pExpr->op;
  }
  switch( op ){
    case TK_AGG_COLUMN: {
      AggInfo *pAggInfo = pExpr->pAggInfo;

        ** expresssion.  However, make sure the constant has the correct
        ** datatype by applying the Affinity of the table column to the
        ** constant.
        */
        int aff;
        iReg = sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(pParse, pExpr->pLeft,target);
        assert( ExprUseYTab(pExpr) );
        assert( pExpr->y.pTab!=0 );
        aff = sqlite3TableColumnAffinity(pExpr->y.pTab, pExpr->iColumn);



        if( aff>SQLITE_AFF_BLOB ){
          static const char zAff[] = "B\000C\000D\000E";
          assert( SQLITE_AFF_BLOB=='A' );
          assert( SQLITE_AFF_TEXT=='B' );
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Affinity, iReg, 1, 0,
                            &zAff[(aff-'B')*2], P4_STATIC);
        }

        }else{
          /* Coding an expression that is part of an index where column names
          ** in the index refer to the table to which the index belongs */
          iTab = pParse->iSelfTab - 1;
        }
      }
      assert( ExprUseYTab(pExpr) );
      assert( pExpr->y.pTab!=0 );
      iReg = sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumn(pParse, pExpr->y.pTab,
                               pExpr->iColumn, iTab, target,
                               pExpr->op2);



      return iReg;
    }
    case TK_INTEGER: {
      codeInteger(pParse, pExpr, 0, target);
      return target;
    }
    case TK_TRUEFALSE: {

      break;
    }
    case TK_ISNULL:
    case TK_NOTNULL: {
      assert( TK_ISNULL==OP_IsNull );   testcase( op==TK_ISNULL );
      assert( TK_NOTNULL==OP_NotNull ); testcase( op==TK_NOTNULL );
      r1 = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, &regFree1);
      sqlite3VdbeTypeofColumn(v, r1);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, op, r1, dest);
      VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==TK_ISNULL);
      VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==TK_NOTNULL);
      testcase( regFree1==0 );
      break;
    }
    case TK_BETWEEN: {

      testcase( regFree1==0 );
      testcase( regFree2==0 );
      break;
    }
    case TK_ISNULL:
    case TK_NOTNULL: {
      r1 = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, &regFree1);
      sqlite3VdbeTypeofColumn(v, r1);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, op, r1, dest);
      testcase( op==TK_ISNULL );   VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==TK_ISNULL);
      testcase( op==TK_NOTNULL );  VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==TK_NOTNULL);
      testcase( regFree1==0 );
      break;
    }
    case TK_BETWEEN: {

  if( pA->op!=pB->op || pA->op==TK_RAISE ){
    if( pA->op==TK_COLLATE && sqlite3ExprCompare(pParse, pA->pLeft,pB,iTab)<2 ){
      return 1;
    }
    if( pB->op==TK_COLLATE && sqlite3ExprCompare(pParse, pA,pB->pLeft,iTab)<2 ){
      return 1;
    }
    if( pA->op==TK_AGG_COLUMN && pB->op==TK_COLUMN
     && pB->iTable<0 && pA->iTable==iTab
    ){
      /* fall through */
    }else{
      return 2;
    }
  }
  assert( !ExprHasProperty(pA, EP_IntValue) );
  assert( !ExprHasProperty(pB, EP_IntValue) );
  if( pA->u.zToken ){
    if( pA->op==TK_FUNCTION || pA->op==TK_AGG_FUNCTION ){
      if( sqlite3StrICmp(pA->u.zToken,pB->u.zToken)!=0 ) return 2;
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC

      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_GT );
      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_GE );
      /* The y.pTab=0 assignment in wherecode.c always happens after the
      ** impliesNotNullRow() test */
      assert( pLeft->op!=TK_COLUMN || ExprUseYTab(pLeft) );
      assert( pRight->op!=TK_COLUMN || ExprUseYTab(pRight) );
      if( (pLeft->op==TK_COLUMN
           && ALWAYS(pLeft->y.pTab!=0)
           && IsVirtual(pLeft->y.pTab))
       || (pRight->op==TK_COLUMN
           && ALWAYS(pRight->y.pTab!=0)
           && IsVirtual(pRight->y.pTab))
      ){
        return WRC_Prune;
      }
      /* no break */ deliberate_fall_through
    }
    default:

){
  int i;           /* Index of column in the table */
  assert( k>=0 && k<pIdx->nColumn );
  i = pIdx->aiColumn[k];
  if( NEVER(i==XN_ROWID) ){
    VdbeComment((v,"%s.rowid",pIdx->zName));
  }else if( i==XN_EXPR ){
    assert( pIdx->bHasExpr );
    VdbeComment((v,"%s.expr(%d)",pIdx->zName, k));
  }else{
    VdbeComment((v,"%s.%s", pIdx->zName, pIdx->pTable->aCol[i].zCnName));
  }
}
#else
# define analyzeVdbeCommentIndexWithColumnName(a,b,c)

  p = sqlite3FindTable(db, zName, zDbase);
  if( p==0 ){
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
    /* If zName is the not the name of a table in the schema created using
    ** CREATE, then check to see if it is the name of an virtual table that
    ** can be an eponymous virtual table. */
    if( (pParse->prepFlags & SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB)==0 && db->init.busy==0 ){
      Module *pMod = (Module*)sqlite3HashFind(&db->aModule, zName);
      if( pMod==0 && sqlite3_strnicmp(zName, "pragma_", 7)==0 ){
        pMod = sqlite3PragmaVtabRegister(db, zName);
      }
      if( pMod && sqlite3VtabEponymousTableInit(pParse, pMod) ){
        testcase( pMod->pEpoTab==0 );
        return pMod->pEpoTab;
      }
    }
#endif
    if( flags & LOCATE_NOERR ) return 0;
    pParse->checkSchema = 1;
  }else if( IsVirtual(p) && (pParse->prepFlags & SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB)!=0 ){
    p = 0;
  }

  if( p==0 ){
    const char *zMsg = flags & LOCATE_VIEW ? "no such view" : "no such table";
    if( zDbase ){
      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "%s: %s.%s", zMsg, zDbase, zName);

  }
  return 0;
}

/* Recompute the colNotIdxed field of the Index.
**
** colNotIdxed is a bitmask that has a 0 bit representing each indexed
** columns that are within the first 63 columns of the table and a 1 for
** all other bits (all columns that are not in the index).  The
** high-order bit of colNotIdxed is always 1.  All unindexed columns
** of the table have a 1.
**
** 2019-10-24:  For the purpose of this computation, virtual columns are
** not considered to be covered by the index, even if they are in the
** index, because we do not trust the logic in whereIndexExprTrans() to be
** able to find all instances of a reference to the indexed table column

    if( x>=0 && (pTab->aCol[x].colFlags & COLFLAG_VIRTUAL)==0 ){
      testcase( x==BMS-1 );
      testcase( x==BMS-2 );
      if( x<BMS-1 ) m |= MASKBIT(x);
    }
  }
  pIdx->colNotIdxed = ~m;
  assert( (pIdx->colNotIdxed>>63)==1 );  /* See note-20221022-a */
}

/*
** This routine runs at the end of parsing a CREATE TABLE statement that
** has a WITHOUT ROWID clause.  The job of this routine is to convert both
** internal schema data structures and the generated VDBE code so that they
** are appropriate for a WITHOUT ROWID table instead of a rowid table.

      if( pIndex->aColExpr==0 ){
        pIndex->aColExpr = pList;
        pList = 0;
      }
      j = XN_EXPR;
      pIndex->aiColumn[i] = XN_EXPR;
      pIndex->uniqNotNull = 0;
      pIndex->bHasExpr = 1;
    }else{
      j = pCExpr->iColumn;
      assert( j<=0x7fff );
      if( j<0 ){
        j = pTab->iPKey;
      }else{
        if( pTab->aCol[j].notNull==0 ){
          pIndex->uniqNotNull = 0;
        }
        if( pTab->aCol[j].colFlags & COLFLAG_VIRTUAL ){
          pIndex->bHasVCol = 1;
          pIndex->bHasExpr = 1;
        }
      }
      pIndex->aiColumn[i] = (i16)j;
    }
    zColl = 0;
    if( pListItem->pExpr->op==TK_COLLATE ){
      int nColl;

      ** first matching character and recursively continue the match from
      ** that point.
      **
      ** For a case-insensitive search, set variable cx to be the same as
      ** c but in the other case and search the input string for either
      ** c or cx.
      */
      if( c<0x80 ){
        char zStop[3];
        int bMatch;
        if( noCase ){
          zStop[0] = sqlite3Toupper(c);
          zStop[1] = sqlite3Tolower(c);
          zStop[2] = 0;
        }else{

}

/*
** The sqlite3_strglob() interface.  Return 0 on a match (like strcmp()) and
** non-zero if there is no match.
*/
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_strglob(const char *zGlobPattern, const char *zString){
  if( zString==0 ){
    return zGlobPattern!=0;
  }else if( zGlobPattern==0 ){
    return 1;
  }else {
    return patternCompare((u8*)zGlobPattern, (u8*)zString, &globInfo, '[');
  }
}

/*
** The sqlite3_strlike() interface.  Return 0 on a match and non-zero for
** a miss - like strcmp().
*/
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_strlike(const char *zPattern, const char *zStr, unsigned int esc){
  if( zStr==0 ){
    return zPattern!=0;
  }else if( zPattern==0 ){
    return 1;
  }else{
    return patternCompare((u8*)zPattern, (u8*)zStr, &likeInfoNorm, esc);
  }
}

/*
** Count the number of times that the LIKE operator (or GLOB which is
** just a variation of LIKE) gets called.  This is used for testing
** only.
*/

      char aff;
      if( x>=0 ){
        aff = pTab->aCol[x].affinity;
      }else if( x==XN_ROWID ){
        aff = SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER;
      }else{
        assert( x==XN_EXPR );
        assert( pIdx->bHasExpr );
        assert( pIdx->aColExpr!=0 );
        aff = sqlite3ExprAffinity(pIdx->aColExpr->a[n].pExpr);
      }
      if( aff<SQLITE_AFF_BLOB ) aff = SQLITE_AFF_BLOB;
      if( aff>SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC) aff = SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC;
      pIdx->zColAff[n] = aff;
    }

  int (*vtab_in_next)(sqlite3_value*,sqlite3_value**);
  /* Version 3.39.0 and later */
  int (*deserialize)(sqlite3*,const char*,unsigned char*,
                     sqlite3_int64,sqlite3_int64,unsigned);
  unsigned char *(*serialize)(sqlite3*,const char *,sqlite3_int64*,
                              unsigned int);
  const char *(*db_name)(sqlite3*,int);
  /* Version 3.40.0 and later */
  int (*value_encoding)(sqlite3_value*);
};

/*
** This is the function signature used for all extension entry points.  It
** is also defined in the file "loadext.c".
*/
typedef int (*sqlite3_loadext_entry)(

#define sqlite3_vtab_in_next           sqlite3_api->vtab_in_next
/* Version 3.39.0 and later */
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DESERIALIZE
#define sqlite3_deserialize            sqlite3_api->deserialize
#define sqlite3_serialize              sqlite3_api->serialize
#endif
#define sqlite3_db_name                sqlite3_api->db_name
/* Version 3.40.0 and later */
#define sqlite3_value_encoding         sqlite3_api->value_encoding
#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_CORE) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION) */

#if !defined(SQLITE_CORE) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION)
  /* This case when the file really is being compiled as a loadable
  ** extension */
# define SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT1     const sqlite3_api_routines *sqlite3_api=0;
# define SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT2(v)  sqlite3_api=v;

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DESERIALIZE
  sqlite3_deserialize,
  sqlite3_serialize,
#else
  0,
  0,
#endif
  sqlite3_db_name,
  /* Version 3.40.0 and later */
  sqlite3_value_type
};

/* True if x is the directory separator character
*/
#if SQLITE_OS_WIN
# define DirSep(X)  ((X)=='/'||(X)=='\\')
#else

      for(x=sqliteHashFirst(pTbls); x; x=sqliteHashNext(x)){
        Table *pTab = sqliteHashData(x);
        Index *pIdx, *pPk;
        Index *pPrior = 0;      /* Previous index */
        int loopTop;
        int iDataCur, iIdxCur;
        int r1 = -1;
        int bStrict;            /* True for a STRICT table */
        int r2;                 /* Previous key for WITHOUT ROWID tables */
        int mxCol;              /* Maximum non-virtual column number */

        if( !IsOrdinaryTable(pTab) ) continue;
        if( pObjTab && pObjTab!=pTab ) continue;
        if( isQuick || HasRowid(pTab) ){
          pPk = 0;
          r2 = 0;
        }else{

        for(j=0, pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext, j++){
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, 8+j); /* index entries counter */
        }
        assert( pParse->nMem>=8+j );
        assert( sqlite3NoTempsInRange(pParse,1,7+j) );
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rewind, iDataCur, 0); VdbeCoverage(v);
        loopTop = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AddImm, 7, 1);

        /* Fetch the right-most column from the table.  This will cause
        ** the entire record header to be parsed and sanity checked.  It
        ** will also prepopulate the cursor column cache that is used
        ** by the OP_IsType code, so it is a required step.
        */
        mxCol = pTab->nCol-1;
        while( mxCol>=0
            && ((pTab->aCol[mxCol].colFlags & COLFLAG_VIRTUAL)!=0
                || pTab->iPKey==mxCol) ) mxCol--;
        if( mxCol>=0 ){
          sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnOfTable(v, pTab, iDataCur, mxCol, 3);
          sqlite3VdbeTypeofColumn(v, 3);
        }

        if( !isQuick ){
          if( pPk ){
            /* Verify WITHOUT ROWID keys are in ascending order */
            int a1;
            char *zErr;
            a1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_IdxGT, iDataCur, 0,r2,pPk->nKeyCol);
            VdbeCoverage(v);
            sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_IsNull, r2); VdbeCoverage(v);
            zErr = sqlite3MPrintf(db,
                   "row not in PRIMARY KEY order for %s",
                    pTab->zName);
            sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, 3, 0, zErr, P4_DYNAMIC);
            integrityCheckResultRow(v);
            sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, a1);
            sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, a1+1);
            for(j=0; j<pPk->nKeyCol; j++){
              sqlite3ExprCodeLoadIndexColumn(pParse, pPk, iDataCur, j, r2+j);
            }
          }
        }
        /* Verify datatypes for all columns:
        **
        **   (1) NOT NULL columns may not contain a NULL
        **   (2) Datatype must be exact for non-ANY columns in STRICT tables
        **   (3) Datatype for TEXT columns in non-STRICT tables must be
        **       NULL, TEXT, or BLOB.
        **   (4) Datatype for numeric columns in non-STRICT tables must not
        **       be a TEXT value that can be losslessly converted to numeric.
        */
        bStrict = (pTab->tabFlags & TF_Strict)!=0;
        for(j=0; j<pTab->nCol; j++){
          char *zErr;
          Column *pCol = pTab->aCol + j;  /* The column to be checked */
          int labelError;               /* Jump here to report an error */
          int labelOk;                  /* Jump here if all looks ok */
          int p1, p3, p4;               /* Operands to the OP_IsType opcode */
          int doTypeCheck;              /* Check datatypes (besides NOT NULL) */

          if( j==pTab->iPKey ) continue;
          if( bStrict ){
            doTypeCheck = pCol->eCType>COLTYPE_ANY;
          }else{
            doTypeCheck = pCol->affinity>SQLITE_AFF_BLOB;
          }
          if( pCol->notNull==0 && !doTypeCheck ) continue;

          /* Compute the operands that will be needed for OP_IsType */
          p4 = SQLITE_NULL;
          if( pCol->colFlags & COLFLAG_VIRTUAL ){
            sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnOfTable(v, pTab, iDataCur, j, 3);
            p1 = -1;
            p3 = 3;
          }else{
            if( pCol->iDflt ){
              sqlite3_value *pDfltValue = 0;
              sqlite3ValueFromExpr(db, sqlite3ColumnExpr(pTab,pCol), ENC(db),
                                   pCol->affinity, &pDfltValue);
              if( pDfltValue ){
                p4 = sqlite3_value_type(pDfltValue);
                sqlite3ValueFree(pDfltValue);
              }
            }
            p1 = iDataCur;
            if( !HasRowid(pTab) ){
              testcase( j!=sqlite3TableColumnToStorage(pTab, j) );
              p3 = sqlite3TableColumnToIndex(sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(pTab), j);
            }else{
              p3 = sqlite3TableColumnToStorage(pTab,j);
              testcase( p3!=j);
            }
          }

          labelError = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
          labelOk = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
          if( pCol->notNull ){
            /* (1) NOT NULL columns may not contain a NULL */
            int jmp2 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_IsType, p1, labelOk, p3, p4);
            sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, 0x0f);
            VdbeCoverage(v);
            zErr = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "NULL value in %s.%s", pTab->zName,
                                pCol->zCnName);
            sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, 3, 0, zErr, P4_DYNAMIC);
            if( doTypeCheck ){
              sqlite3VdbeGoto(v, labelError);
              sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, jmp2);
            }else{

              /* VDBE byte code will fall thru */
            }

          }
          if( bStrict && doTypeCheck ){
            /* (2) Datatype must be exact for non-ANY columns in STRICT tables*/
            static unsigned char aStdTypeMask[] = {
               0x1f,    /* ANY */
               0x18,    /* BLOB */
               0x11,    /* INT */
               0x11,    /* INTEGER */
               0x13,    /* REAL */
               0x14     /* TEXT */
            };
            sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_IsType, p1, labelOk, p3, p4);
            assert( pCol->eCType>=1 && pCol->eCType<=sizeof(aStdTypeMask) );
            sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, aStdTypeMask[pCol->eCType-1]);
            VdbeCoverage(v);
            zErr = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "non-%s value in %s.%s",
                                  sqlite3StdType[pCol->eCType-1],
                                  pTab->zName, pTab->aCol[j].zCnName);
            sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, 3, 0, zErr, P4_DYNAMIC);
          }else if( !bStrict && pCol->affinity==SQLITE_AFF_TEXT ){
            /* (3) Datatype for TEXT columns in non-STRICT tables must be
            **     NULL, TEXT, or BLOB. */
            sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_IsType, p1, labelOk, p3, p4);
            sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, 0x1c); /* NULL, TEXT, or BLOB */
            VdbeCoverage(v);
            zErr = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "NUMERIC value in %s.%s",
                                  pTab->zName, pTab->aCol[j].zCnName);
            sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, 3, 0, zErr, P4_DYNAMIC);
          }else if( !bStrict && pCol->affinity>=SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC ){
            /* (4) Datatype for numeric columns in non-STRICT tables must not
            **     be a TEXT value that can be converted to numeric. */
            sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_IsType, p1, labelOk, p3, p4);
            sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, 0x1b); /* NULL, INT, FLOAT, or BLOB */
            VdbeCoverage(v);
            if( p1>=0 ){
              sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnOfTable(v, pTab, iDataCur, j, 3);
            }
            sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Affinity, 3, 1, 0, "C", P4_STATIC);
            sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_IsType, -1, labelOk, 3, p4);
            sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, 0x1c); /* NULL, TEXT, or BLOB */
            VdbeCoverage(v);
            zErr = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "TEXT value in %s.%s",
                                  pTab->zName, pTab->aCol[j].zCnName);
            sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, 3, 0, zErr, P4_DYNAMIC);
          }
          sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, labelError);
          integrityCheckResultRow(v);
          sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, labelOk);

        }
        /* Verify CHECK constraints */
        if( pTab->pCheck && (db->flags & SQLITE_IgnoreChecks)==0 ){
          ExprList *pCheck = sqlite3ExprListDup(db, pTab->pCheck, 0);
          if( db->mallocFailed==0 ){
            int addrCkFault = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
            int addrCkOk = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);

  /* For a long-term use prepared statement avoid the use of
  ** lookaside memory.
  */
  if( prepFlags & SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT ){
    sParse.disableLookaside++;
    DisableLookaside;
  }
  sParse.prepFlags = prepFlags & 0xff;

  /* Check to verify that it is possible to get a read lock on all
  ** database schemas.  The inability to get a read lock indicates that
  ** some other database connection is holding a write-lock, which in
  ** turn means that the other connection has made uncommitted changes
  ** to the schema.
  **

          testcase( db->flags & SQLITE_ReadUncommit );
          goto end_prepare;
        }
      }
    }
  }

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
  if( db->pDisconnect ) sqlite3VtabUnlockList(db);
#endif

  if( nBytes>=0 && (nBytes==0 || zSql[nBytes-1]!=0) ){
    char *zSqlCopy;
    int mxLen = db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH];
    testcase( nBytes==mxLen );
    testcase( nBytes==mxLen+1 );
    if( nBytes>mxLen ){

*/
typedef struct SubstContext {
  Parse *pParse;            /* The parsing context */
  int iTable;               /* Replace references to this table */
  int iNewTable;            /* New table number */
  int isOuterJoin;          /* Add TK_IF_NULL_ROW opcodes on each replacement */
  ExprList *pEList;         /* Replacement expressions */
  ExprList *pCList;         /* Collation sequences for replacement expr */
} SubstContext;

/* Forward Declarations */
static void substExprList(SubstContext*, ExprList*);
static void substSelect(SubstContext*, Select*, int);

/*

#ifdef SQLITE_ALLOW_ROWID_IN_VIEW
    if( pExpr->iColumn<0 ){
      pExpr->op = TK_NULL;
    }else
#endif
    {
      Expr *pNew;
      int iColumn = pExpr->iColumn;
      Expr *pCopy = pSubst->pEList->a[iColumn].pExpr;
      Expr ifNullRow;
      assert( pSubst->pEList!=0 && iColumn<pSubst->pEList->nExpr );
      assert( pExpr->pRight==0 );
      if( sqlite3ExprIsVector(pCopy) ){
        sqlite3VectorErrorMsg(pSubst->pParse, pCopy);
      }else{
        sqlite3 *db = pSubst->pParse->db;
        if( pSubst->isOuterJoin && pCopy->op!=TK_COLUMN ){
          memset(&ifNullRow, 0, sizeof(ifNullRow));

          pExpr->u.iValue = sqlite3ExprTruthValue(pExpr);
          pExpr->op = TK_INTEGER;
          ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue);
        }

        /* Ensure that the expression now has an implicit collation sequence,
        ** just as it did when it was a column of a view or sub-query. */
        {
          CollSeq *pNat = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pSubst->pParse, pExpr);
          CollSeq *pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pSubst->pParse,
                pSubst->pCList->a[iColumn].pExpr
          );
          if( pNat!=pColl || (pExpr->op!=TK_COLUMN && pExpr->op!=TK_COLLATE) ){
            pExpr = sqlite3ExprAddCollateString(pSubst->pParse, pExpr,
                (pColl ? pColl->zName : "BINARY")
            );
          }
        }
        ExprClearProperty(pExpr, EP_Collate);
      }
    }
  }else{
    if( pExpr->op==TK_IF_NULL_ROW && pExpr->iTable==pSubst->iTable ){
      pExpr->iTable = pSubst->iNewTable;

  memset(&w, 0, sizeof(w));
  w.u.aiCol = aCsrMap;
  w.xExprCallback = renumberCursorsCb;
  w.xSelectCallback = sqlite3SelectWalkNoop;
  sqlite3WalkSelect(&w, p);
}
#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) */

/*
** If pSel is not part of a compound SELECT, return a pointer to its
** expression list. Otherwise, return a pointer to the expression list
** of the leftmost SELECT in the compound.
*/
static ExprList *findLeftmostExprlist(Select *pSel){
  while( pSel->pPrior ){
    pSel = pSel->pPrior;
  }
  return pSel->pEList;
}

#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW)
/*
** This routine attempts to flatten subqueries as a performance optimization.
** This routine returns 1 if it makes changes and 0 if no flattening occurs.
**
** To understand the concept of flattening, consider the following

    if( db->mallocFailed==0 ){
      SubstContext x;
      x.pParse = pParse;
      x.iTable = iParent;
      x.iNewTable = iNewParent;
      x.isOuterJoin = isOuterJoin;
      x.pEList = pSub->pEList;
      x.pCList = findLeftmostExprlist(pSub);
      substSelect(&x, pParent, 0);
    }

    /* The flattened query is a compound if either the inner or the
    ** outer query is a compound. */
    pParent->selFlags |= pSub->selFlags & SF_Compound;
    assert( (pSub->selFlags & SF_Distinct)==0 ); /* restriction (17b) */

    /*
    ** SELECT ... FROM (SELECT ... LIMIT a OFFSET b) LIMIT x OFFSET y;
    **
    ** One is tempted to try to add a and b to combine the limits.  But this
    ** does not work if either limit is negative.
    */
    if( pSub->pLimit ){
      pParent->pLimit = pSub->pLimit;
      pSub->pLimit = 0;
    }

    /* Recompute the SrcItem.colUsed masks for the flattened
    ** tables. */
    for(i=0; i<nSubSrc; i++){
      recomputeColumnsUsed(pParent, &pSrc->a[i+iFrom]);
    }
  }

  /* Finially, delete what is left of the subquery and return

      pNew = sqlite3ExprDup(pParse->db, pWhere, 0);
      unsetJoinExpr(pNew, -1, 1);
      x.pParse = pParse;
      x.iTable = pSrc->iCursor;
      x.iNewTable = pSrc->iCursor;
      x.isOuterJoin = 0;
      x.pEList = pSubq->pEList;
      x.pCList = findLeftmostExprlist(pSubq);
      pNew = substExpr(&x, pNew);
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
      if( pSubq->pWin && 0==pushDownWindowCheck(pParse, pSubq, pNew) ){
        /* Restriction 6c has prevented push-down in this case */
        sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, pNew);
        nChng--;
        break;

      pParse->pWith = pWith->pOuter;
    }
  }
}
#endif

/*
** The SrcItem structure passed as the second argument represents a
** sub-query in the FROM clause of a SELECT statement. This function
** allocates and populates the SrcItem.pTab object. If successful,
** SQLITE_OK is returned. Otherwise, if an OOM error is encountered,
** SQLITE_NOMEM.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExpandSubquery(Parse *pParse, SrcItem *pFrom){
  Select *pSel = pFrom->pSelect;
  Table *pTab;

    sqlite3TreeViewSelect(0, p, 0);
  }
#endif
}

/*
** Check to see if the pThis entry of pTabList is a self-join of a prior view.
** If it is, then return the SrcItem for the prior view.  If it is not,
** then return 0.
*/
static SrcItem *isSelfJoinView(
  SrcList *pTabList,           /* Search for self-joins in this FROM clause */
  SrcItem *pThis               /* Search for prior reference to this subquery */
){
  SrcItem *pItem;

      ** This might involve two separate loops with an OP_Sort in between, or
      ** it might be a single loop that uses an index to extract information
      ** in the right order to begin with.
      */
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Gosub, regReset, addrReset);
      SELECTTRACE(1,pParse,p,("WhereBegin\n"));
      pWInfo = sqlite3WhereBegin(pParse, pTabList, pWhere, pGroupBy, pDistinct,
          p, (sDistinct.isTnct==2 ? WHERE_DISTINCTBY : WHERE_GROUPBY)
          |  (orderByGrp ? WHERE_SORTBYGROUP : 0) | distFlag, 0
      );
      if( pWInfo==0 ){
        sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pDistinct);
        goto select_end;
      }
      eDist = sqlite3WhereIsDistinct(pWInfo);

        ** be an appropriate ORDER BY expression for the optimization.
        */
        assert( minMaxFlag==WHERE_ORDERBY_NORMAL || pMinMaxOrderBy!=0 );
        assert( pMinMaxOrderBy==0 || pMinMaxOrderBy->nExpr==1 );

        SELECTTRACE(1,pParse,p,("WhereBegin\n"));
        pWInfo = sqlite3WhereBegin(pParse, pTabList, pWhere, pMinMaxOrderBy,
                                   pDistinct, p, minMaxFlag|distFlag, 0);
        if( pWInfo==0 ){
          goto select_end;
        }
        SELECTTRACE(1,pParse,p,("WhereBegin returns\n"));
        eDist = sqlite3WhereIsDistinct(pWInfo);
        updateAccumulator(pParse, regAcc, pAggInfo, eDist);
        if( eDist!=WHERE_DISTINCT_NOOP ){

  memset(&sNC, 0, sizeof(sNC));
  sNC.pParse = &sSubParse;
  sSubParse.pTriggerTab = pTab;
  sSubParse.pToplevel = pTop;
  sSubParse.zAuthContext = pTrigger->zName;
  sSubParse.eTriggerOp = pTrigger->op;
  sSubParse.nQueryLoop = pParse->nQueryLoop;
  sSubParse.prepFlags = pParse->prepFlags;

  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(&sSubParse);
  if( v ){
    VdbeComment((v, "Start: %s.%s (%s %s%s%s ON %s)",
      pTrigger->zName, onErrorText(orconf),
      (pTrigger->tr_tm==TRIGGER_BEFORE ? "BEFORE" : "AFTER"),
        (pTrigger->op==TK_UPDATE ? "UPDATE" : ""),

**
** If column as REAL affinity and the table is an ordinary b-tree table
** (not a virtual table) then the value might have been stored as an
** integer.  In that case, add an OP_RealAffinity opcode to make sure
** it has been converted into REAL.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ColumnDefault(Vdbe *v, Table *pTab, int i, int iReg){
  Column *pCol;
  assert( pTab!=0 );
  assert( pTab->nCol>i );
  pCol = &pTab->aCol[i];
  if( pCol->iDflt ){
    sqlite3_value *pValue = 0;
    u8 enc = ENC(sqlite3VdbeDb(v));
    assert( !IsView(pTab) );
    VdbeComment((v, "%s.%s", pTab->zName, pCol->zCnName));
    assert( i<pTab->nCol );
    sqlite3ValueFromExpr(sqlite3VdbeDb(v),
                         sqlite3ColumnExpr(pTab,pCol), enc,
                         pCol->affinity, &pValue);
    if( pValue ){
      sqlite3VdbeAppendP4(v, pValue, P4_MEM);
    }
  }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
  if( pCol->affinity==SQLITE_AFF_REAL && !IsVirtual(pTab) ){
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_RealAffinity, iReg);
  }
#endif
}

/*
** Check to see if column iCol of index pIdx references any of the

      nn = pIdx->nKeyCol;
      for(ii=0; ii<nn; ii++){
        Expr *pExpr;
        sCol[0].u.zToken = (char*)pIdx->azColl[ii];
        if( pIdx->aiColumn[ii]==XN_EXPR ){
          assert( pIdx->aColExpr!=0 );
          assert( pIdx->aColExpr->nExpr>ii );
          assert( pIdx->bHasExpr );
          pExpr = pIdx->aColExpr->a[ii].pExpr;
          if( pExpr->op!=TK_COLLATE ){
            sCol[0].pLeft = pExpr;
            pExpr = &sCol[0];
          }
        }else{
          sCol[0].pLeft = &sCol[1];

  u8 saved_mTrace;        /* Saved trace settings */
  Db *pDb = 0;            /* Database to detach at end of vacuum */
  int isMemDb;            /* True if vacuuming a :memory: database */
  int nRes;               /* Bytes of reserved space at the end of each page */
  int nDb;                /* Number of attached databases */
  const char *zDbMain;    /* Schema name of database to vacuum */
  const char *zOut;       /* Name of output file */
  u32 pgflags = PAGER_SYNCHRONOUS_OFF; /* sync flags for output db */

  if( !db->autoCommit ){
    sqlite3SetString(pzErrMsg, db, "cannot VACUUM from within a transaction");
    return SQLITE_ERROR; /* IMP: R-12218-18073 */
  }
  if( db->nVdbeActive>1 ){
    sqlite3SetString(pzErrMsg, db,"cannot VACUUM - SQL statements in progress");

    i64 sz = 0;
    if( id->pMethods!=0 && (sqlite3OsFileSize(id, &sz)!=SQLITE_OK || sz>0) ){
      rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
      sqlite3SetString(pzErrMsg, db, "output file already exists");
      goto end_of_vacuum;
    }
    db->mDbFlags |= DBFLAG_VacuumInto;

    /* For a VACUUM INTO, the pager-flags are set to the same values as
    ** they are for the database being vacuumed, except that PAGER_CACHESPILL
    ** is always set. */
    pgflags = db->aDb[iDb].safety_level | (db->flags & PAGER_FLAGS_MASK);
  }
  nRes = sqlite3BtreeGetRequestedReserve(pMain);

  sqlite3BtreeSetCacheSize(pTemp, db->aDb[iDb].pSchema->cache_size);
  sqlite3BtreeSetSpillSize(pTemp, sqlite3BtreeSetSpillSize(pMain,0));
  sqlite3BtreeSetPagerFlags(pTemp, pgflags|PAGER_CACHESPILL);

  /* Begin a transaction and take an exclusive lock on the main database
  ** file. This is done before the sqlite3BtreeGetPageSize(pMain) call below,
  ** to ensure that we do not try to change the page-size on a WAL database.
  */
  rc = execSql(db, pzErrMsg, "BEGIN");
  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto end_of_vacuum;

  int rc = 0;

  /* Check to see the left operand is a column in a virtual table */
  if( NEVER(pExpr==0) ) return pDef;
  if( pExpr->op!=TK_COLUMN ) return pDef;
  assert( ExprUseYTab(pExpr) );
  pTab = pExpr->y.pTab;
  if( NEVER(pTab==0) ) return pDef;
  if( !IsVirtual(pTab) ) return pDef;
  pVtab = sqlite3GetVTable(db, pTab)->pVtab;
  assert( pVtab!=0 );
  assert( pVtab->pModule!=0 );
  pMod = (sqlite3_module *)pVtab->pModule;
  if( pMod->xFindFunction==0 ) return pDef;

};

/*
** An instance of the following structure keeps track of a mapping
** between VDBE cursor numbers and bits of the bitmasks in WhereTerm.
**
** The VDBE cursor numbers are small integers contained in
** SrcItem.iCursor and Expr.iTable fields.  For any given WHERE
** clause, the cursor numbers might not begin with 0 and they might
** contain gaps in the numbering sequence.  But we want to make maximum
** use of the bits in our bitmasks.  This structure provides a mapping
** from the sparse cursor numbers into consecutive integers beginning
** with 0.
**
** If WhereMaskSet.ix[A]==B it means that The A-th bit of a Bitmask

#ifndef SQLITE_QUERY_PLANNER_LIMIT
# define SQLITE_QUERY_PLANNER_LIMIT 20000
#endif
#ifndef SQLITE_QUERY_PLANNER_LIMIT_INCR
# define SQLITE_QUERY_PLANNER_LIMIT_INCR 1000
#endif















/*
** The WHERE clause processing routine has two halves.  The
** first part does the start of the WHERE loop and the second
** half does the tail of the WHERE loop.  An instance of
** this structure is returned by the first half and passed
** into the second half to give some continuity.
**
** An instance of this object holds the complete state of the query
** planner.
*/
struct WhereInfo {
  Parse *pParse;            /* Parsing and code generating context */
  SrcList *pTabList;        /* List of tables in the join */
  ExprList *pOrderBy;       /* The ORDER BY clause or NULL */
  ExprList *pResultSet;     /* Result set of the query */
#if WHERETRACE_ENABLED
  Expr *pWhere;             /* The complete WHERE clause */


#endif
  Select *pSelect;          /* The entire SELECT statement containing WHERE */
  int aiCurOnePass[2];      /* OP_OpenWrite cursors for the ONEPASS opt */
  int iContinue;            /* Jump here to continue with next record */
  int iBreak;               /* Jump here to break out of the loop */
  int savedNQueryLoop;      /* pParse->nQueryLoop outside the WHERE loop */
  u16 wctrlFlags;           /* Flags originally passed to sqlite3WhereBegin() */
  LogEst iLimit;            /* LIMIT if wctrlFlags has WHERE_USE_LIMIT */
  u8 nLevel;                /* Number of nested loop */
  i8 nOBSat;                /* Number of ORDER BY terms satisfied by indices */
  u8 eOnePass;              /* ONEPASS_OFF, or _SINGLE, or _MULTI */
  u8 eDistinct;             /* One of the WHERE_DISTINCT_* values */
  unsigned bDeferredSeek :1;   /* Uses OP_DeferredSeek */
  unsigned untestedTerms :1;   /* Not all WHERE terms resolved by outer loop */
  unsigned bOrderedInnerLoop:1;/* True if only the inner-most loop is ordered */
  unsigned sorted :1;          /* True if really sorted (not just grouped) */
  LogEst nRowOut;           /* Estimated number of output rows */
  int iTop;                 /* The very beginning of the WHERE loop */
  int iEndWhere;            /* End of the WHERE clause itself */
  WhereLoop *pLoops;        /* List of all WhereLoop objects */

  WhereMemBlock *pMemToFree;/* Memory to free when this object destroyed */
  Bitmask revMask;          /* Mask of ORDER BY terms that need reversing */
  WhereClause sWC;          /* Decomposition of the WHERE clause */
  WhereMaskSet sMaskSet;    /* Map cursor numbers to bitmasks */
  WhereLevel a[1];          /* Information about each nest loop in WHERE */
};